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High prevalence of Plasmodium infection in fighting cocks in Thailand determined with a molecular method

Kotchaphon Vaisusuk

Kotchaphon Vaisusuk

Department of Veterinary Technology and Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham UniversityMaha Sarakham, Thailand
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Vaisusuk, Kotchaphon
, 
Wasupon Chatan

Wasupon Chatan

Faculty of Veterinary SciencesMaha Sarakham, Thailand
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Chatan, Wasupon
, 
Tossapol Seerintra

Tossapol Seerintra

Faculty of Veterinary SciencesMaha Sarakham, Thailand
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Seerintra, Tossapol
 and 
Supawadee Piratae

Supawadee Piratae

One Health Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham UniversityMaha Sarakham, Thailand
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Piratae, Supawadee
  
Sep 15, 2022
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Published Online: Sep 15, 2022
Page range: 373 - 379
Received: Apr 22, 2022
Accepted: Sep 02, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0049
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© 2022 K. Vaisusuk et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Blood stage of Plasmodium spp. found in fighting cocks in Maha Sarakham, Thailand A – trophozoites of P. juxtanucleare; B – meronts of P. juxtanucleare; C – meronts of P. gallinaceum. Arrows indicate the parasite in each case
Blood stage of Plasmodium spp. found in fighting cocks in Maha Sarakham, Thailand A – trophozoites of P. juxtanucleare; B – meronts of P. juxtanucleare; C – meronts of P. gallinaceum. Arrows indicate the parasite in each case

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree based on partial cytochrome Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon b gene sequences from Maha Sarakham (indicated in bold typeface) together with 23 related sequences from different distributions in Thailand and neighbouring countries in the GenBank and MalAvi databases. Sequences were compared with the maximum likelihood method. The cytochrome b gene of Leucocytozoon caulleryi from this study and related sequences in the database were used to root the tree. The percentage of trees in which associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches
Phylogenetic tree based on partial cytochrome Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon b gene sequences from Maha Sarakham (indicated in bold typeface) together with 23 related sequences from different distributions in Thailand and neighbouring countries in the GenBank and MalAvi databases. Sequences were compared with the maximum likelihood method. The cytochrome b gene of Leucocytozoon caulleryi from this study and related sequences in the database were used to root the tree. The percentage of trees in which associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches

Haplotypes of 61 cytochrome b sequences from fighting cocks in Thailand and National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST results

Haplotype number (n) Sample IDs (GenBank accession number) Closest sequences in NCBI GenBank (% similarity)
CAN1 (21) BO3, BO13, BO21, CC10, CY2, CY17, CY18, CY24, KA1, KA13, KA20, KA30, KO7, KO19, ND17, PP5, PP10, PP16, WP16, WP20, WP22 MW600907 Plasmodium juxtanucleare MG598396.1 (99–100%) MGMG598393.1 598392.1 ((9999––100100%) %)
CAN2 (1) BO4 MW600908 Plasmodium KU248845.1 juxtanucleare (99.8%)
CAN3 (3) BO6, CC17, CC28 MW600909 Plasmodium MG598396.1 juxtanucleare (99–100%)
CAN4 (19) BO15, BO23, CC9, CC18, CY10, KA2, KA12, KO11, KR3, KR7, KR19, KR21, KR23, ND11, PP1, PP3, PP8, WP6, WP28 MW600910 Plasmodium juxtanucleare MG598396.1 (99–100%) MG598393.1 (99–100%) MG598392.1 (99–100%)
CAN5 (3) CC1, KA29, ND8 MW600911 Plasmodium juxtanucleare KU248845.1 (99–100%) AB250415.1 (99–100%)
CAN6 (3) CC2, KO18, KR5 MW600912 Plasmodium juxtanucleare KU248845.1 (99–100%) AB250415.1 (99–100%)
CAN7 (1) CY1 MW600913 Plasmodium MG598396.1 juxtanucleare (99.4%)
CAN8 (1) CY9 MW600914 Plasmodium MG598396.1 juxtanucleare (99%)
CAN9 (1) KO2 MW600906 Plasmodium gallinaceum LCLN506179.1 835294.1 (99(99%) %) KP025675.1 (99%)
CAN10 (3) KO21, KO23, WP10 MW600915 Plasmodium MG598396.1 juxtanucleare (99–100%)
CAN11 (1) KR1 MW600918 Leucocytozoon LC550057.1 (99.8caulleryi %)
CA12 (2) ND5, ND20 MW600916 Plasmodium juxtanucleare MG598396.1 (99–100%)
CAN13 (1) ND14 MW600917 Plasmodium KU248845.1 juxtanucleare (100%)
CAN14 (1) PP13 MW600919 Leucocytozoon caulleryi LC550057.1 (99.8%) KT290932.1 (99.6%)
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