Prevalence of virulence genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from food and carcass swabs of different animal origins in Croatia
, , , , , , , and | Aug 30, 2022
About this article
Published Online: Aug 30, 2022
Page range: 395 - 402
Received: Mar 31, 2022
Accepted: Aug 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0045
Keywords
© 2022 D. Stojević et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Fig. 1
Occurrence of virulence genes and phylogenetic groups in different animal species
| Virulence gene | Number of positive strains, phylogenetic group and type of sample |
Total gene-positive strains (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poultry | Game | Pig | Cattle | ||
| 4 (2A, 1B1, 1F); 3 BM, 1 MSM | 3 (1B1, 1D, 1A); FD, RD,WB | 2 (2A); CS | 4 (3A, 1C); CS | 13 (36.11) | |
| 4 (3A, 1E); BM | 1 (B1); RD | -- | 2 (2B1); MM | 7 (19.44) | |
| -- | 4 (3A, 1B1); DE, 2 FD, M | 1 (B1); CS | -- | 5 (13.89) | |
| 1 (B1); BM | -- | -- | -- | 1 (2.78) | |
| -- | 1 (B1); WB | -- | -- | 1 (2.78) | |
| -- | -- | 1 (D); CS | -- | 1 (2.78) | |
| 1 (F); BM | 1 (B2); DE | 1 (B1); CS | 1 (B1); MP | 4 (11.11) | |
| -- | -- | 1 (B1); CS | 1 (B2); FM | 2 (5.56) | |
| -- | 1 (E); RD | -- | -- | 1 (2.78) | |
| -- | -- | 1 (C); CS | -- | 1 (2.78) | |
| n2 (%) | 10 (27.78) | 11 (36.56) | 7 (19.44) | 8 (22.22) | 36 |
Distribution of E. coli phylogenetic groups in different animal species
| Strain origin | Phylogenetic group |
Total number of strains | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B1 | B2 | C | D | E | F | ||
| Poultry | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 27 |
| Game | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
| Pig | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 30 |
| Cattle | 10 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 29 |
| Total (%) | 38 (38) | 36 (36) | 4 (4) | 3 (3) | 9 (9) | 4 (4) | 6 (6) | 100 |
| P | 0.039 | |||||||
The frequency of virulent genes compared to the origin of the sample
| Strain origin | Number of strains (%) | Virulence gene presence | Number of virulence genes in strains | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative (%) | Positive (%) | One (%) | Two (%) | ||
| Poultry | 27 (27) | 17 (62.96) | 10 (37.04) | 8 (80) | 2 (20) |
| Game | 14 (14) | 3 (21.43) | 11 (78.57) | 5 (45.45) | 6 (54.55) |
| Pig | 30 (30) | 23 (76.67) | 7 (23.33) | 4 (57.14) | 3 (42.86) |
| Cattle | 29 (29) | 21 (72.41) | 8 (27.59) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) |
| Total (%) | 100 (100) | 64 (64) | 36 (36) | 24 (24) | 12 (12) |
| P | 0.004 | 0.003 | |||
Pathogroups, virulence factors and virulence genes
| Pathogroup | Virulence factor | Full name of virulence gene | Virulence gene |
|---|---|---|---|
| VTEC (EHEC) | toxin | verotoxin 1, 2 | |
| VTEC (EHEC) | haemolysin | haemolysin | |
| VTEC (EHEC) | adhesin | STEC autoagglutinating adhesin | |
| EAEC | adhesin | aggregative adherence regulation factor | |
| EAEC | adhesin | aggR-activated island C | |
| EAEC | toxin | heat-stable enterotoxin 1 | |
| EPEC | adhesin | bundle forming pili | |
| EPEC | adhesin | intimin | |
| EIEC | invasion plasmid antigen H | ||
| ETEC | toxin | heat-stable enterotoxin I, II | |
| ETEC | toxin | heat-labile enterotoxin | |
| ExPEC | cytotoxin | cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, 2 |
The relationship between phylogenetic groups and virulence genes
| Phylogenetic group | Virulence gene confirmations |
n (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent (%) | Present (%) | |||
| A | 24 (37.5) | 14 (38.89) | 38 (38) | |
| B1 | 24 (37.5) | 12 (33.33) | 36 (36) | |
| B2 | 2 (3.13) | 2 (5.56) | 4 (4) | |
| C | 1 (1.56) | 2 (5.56) | 3 (3) | |
| D | 7 (10.94) | 2 (5.56) | 9 (9) | 0.833 |
| E | 2 (3.13) | 2 (5.56) | 4 (4) | |
| F | 4 (6.25) | 2 (5.56) | 6 (6) | |
| Total (%) | 64 (64) | 36 (36) | 100 (100) | |