<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">


<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0027_s_006">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Multi-class and multi-residue analyses are very complex procedures because of the physico-chemical properties of veterinary drug residues and other contaminants. The purpose of the study was to develop an analytical method for the sensitive determination of 69 analytes in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0027_s_007">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Antimicrobial, anabolic hormone, lactone, β-agonist, mycotoxin and pesticide residues were analysed in 120 raw milk samples from different dairy farms in North Macedonia. Stable isotopically labelled internal standards were used to facilitate effective quantification of the analytes.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0027_s_008">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The linear regression coefficients were higher than 0.99, the limits of detection ranged from 0.0036 to 47.94 μg/L, and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.053 to 59.43 μg/L. The decision limit values ranged from 0.062 to 211.32 μg/L and the detection capability from 0.080 to 233.71 μg/L. Average recoveries of the analytes spiked in raw milk were in the range of 70.83% to 109%, intra-day coefficient of variation (CV) values from 2.41% to 22.29%, and inter-day CV values from 3.48% to 23.91%. The method was successfully applied in the testing of bovine milk samples. In five samples residues were detected. They were sulfadimethoxine (in two samples), enrofloxacin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline and were at concentrations below the EU maximum residue limit.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0027_s_009">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The method is useful for routine testing for this group of chemical hazards in bovine milk.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Multi-class and multi-residue analyses are very complex procedures because of the physico-chemical properties of veterinary drug residues and other contaminants. The purpose of the study was to develop an analytical method for the sensitive determination of 69 analytes in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry.


Material and Methods
Antimicrobial, anabolic hormone, lactone, β-agonist, mycotoxin and pesticide residues were analysed in 120 raw milk samples from different dairy farms in North Macedonia. Stable isotopically labelled internal standards were used to facilitate effective quantification of the analytes.

Results
The linear regression coefficients were higher than 0.99, the limits of detection ranged from 0.0036 to 47.94 μg/L, and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.053 to 59.43 μg/L. The decision limit values ranged from 0.062 to 211.32 μg/L and the detection capability from 0.080 to 233.71 μg/L. Average recoveries of the analytes spiked in raw milk were in the range of 70.83% to 109%, intra-day coefficient of variation (CV) values from 2.41% to 22.29%, and inter-day CV values from 3.48% to 23.91%. The method was successfully applied in the testing of bovine milk samples. In five samples residues were detected. They were sulfadimethoxine (in two samples), enrofloxacin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline and were at concentrations below the EU maximum residue limit.

Conclusion
The method is useful for routine testing for this group of chemical hazards in bovine milk.

Determination of veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, and pesticide residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation –tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Multi-class and multi-residue analyses are very complex procedures because of the physico-chemical properties of veterinary drug residues and...

Determination of veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, and pesticide residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation –tandem mass spectrometry

Published Online: May 31, 2022

Page range: 215 - 224

Received: Jan 10, 2022

Accepted: May 17, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0027

Keywords
veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry, validation

© 2022 Z. Hajrulai-Musliu et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Determination of veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, and pesticide residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation –tandem mass spectrometry

Published Online: May 31, 2022

Page range: 215 - 224

Received: Jan 10, 2022

Accepted: May 17, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0027

Keywordsveterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry, validation

© 2022 Z. Hajrulai-Musliu et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry, validation