<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">


<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0022_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (<italic>Fasciola hepatica</italic>), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus <italic>Coccidia</italic>. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0022_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0022_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The eggs of <italic>Trichostrongylidae</italic>, <italic>Aonchotheca</italic> sp., <italic>Nematodirus</italic> sp., <italic>Strongyloides</italic> spp., <italic>Trichuris</italic> sp., <italic>Moniezia</italic> spp., and <italic>Fasciola hepatica</italic>; the larvae of <italic>Dictyocaulus viviparus</italic>; and the oocytes of <italic>Eimeria</italic> spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0022_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as <italic>F. hepatica</italic> have been identified.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.


Material and Methods
Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods.


Results
The eggs of Trichostrongylidae, Aonchotheca sp., Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola hepatica; the larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus; and the oocytes of Eimeria spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites.


Conclusion
The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as F. hepatica have been identified.

Parasitological monitoring of European bison (<italic>Bison bonasus</italic>) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Parasitological monitoring of European bison () from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Introduction
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and...

Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Published Online: Mar 24, 2020

Page range: 103 - 110

Received: Sep 03, 2019

Accepted: Mar 02, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0022

Keywords
European bison, parasites, parasitological monitoring, zoonosis

© 2020 M.K. Krzysiak et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016

Published Online: Mar 24, 2020

Page range: 103 - 110

Received: Sep 03, 2019

Accepted: Mar 02, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0022

KeywordsEuropean bison, parasites, parasitological monitoring, zoonosis

© 2020 M.K. Krzysiak et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
European bison, parasites, parasitological monitoring, zoonosis