Adoption of Good Agricultural Practice to Increase Yield and Profit of Ginger Farming in Nepal
, , , and | Jun 11, 2021
About this article
Published Online: Jun 11, 2021
Page range: 55 - 66
Received: Jan 01, 2021
Accepted: Apr 01, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0009
Keywords
© 2021 Rudra Baral et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Fig. 1
Soil fertility status of the experimental plots
| Plot | Soil Type | Soil pH | Organic matter content | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P) | Potassium (k) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| scale | status | % | status | % | status | g·ha−1 | status | kg·ha−1 | status | ||
| Plot 1 | sandy loam | 5 | acidic | 3.9 | medium | 0.2 | medium | 23.8 | low | 156 | medium |
| Plot 2 | sandy loam | 5.1 | acidic | 3.7 | medium | 0.2 | medium | 28.3 | low | 336 | high |
| Plot 3 | sandy loam | 5.2 | acidic | 5.8 | high | 0.3 | high | 38.5 | medium | 300 | high |
| Plot 4 | sandy loam | 4.9 | acidic | 6.1 | high | 0.3 | high | 25.6 | low | 307 | high |
| Plot 5 | sandy loam | 5.1 | acidic | 2.6 | medium | 0.1 | medium | 22.4 | low | 226 | medium |
Cost-benefit analysis of ginger under different farming practices in Ilam district of Nepal
| Treatment | Rhizome yield (t·ha−1) | Gross income ($·ha−1) | Total fixed cost ($·ha−1) | Total variable cost ($·ha−1) | Total cost ($·ha−1) | Net income ($·ha−1) | BC ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 12.3 | 4638.1 | 523.8 | 3282.4 | 3806.2 | 831.9 | 1.2 |
| T2 | 12.8 | 3657.1 | 523.8 | 3116.7 | 3640.5 | 16.7 | 1.0 |
| T3 | 17.5 | 5933.3 | 523.8 | 3336.9 | 3860.7 | 2072.6 | 1.5 |
| T4 | 17.9 | 5114.3 | 523.8 | 3298.3 | 3822.1 | 1292.1 | 1.3 |
Recommended fertilizers for each experimental plot by Soil Testing Laboratory, Surunga, Nepal
| Plot | Recommended fertilizers for ginger cultivation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| agricultural lime (t·ha−1) | compost (t·ha−1) | nitrogen (kg·ha−1) | phosphorous (kg·ha−1) | potassium (kg·ha−1) | |
| Plot 1 | 3.4 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 30 |
| Plot 2 | 3.3 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 15 |
| Plot 3 | 3.1 | 6 | 7.5 | 15 | 15 |
| Plot 4 | 3.6 | 6 | 7.5 | 30 | 15 |
| Plot 5 | 3.3 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 30 |
Pesticides application details of this research experiment
| Fungicide; insecticide | Treatment | Formulation | Method and time of application | Frequency of application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbendazim 50% WP | T1 and T2 | 3 g·L−1 water | The seed rhizome was dipped in the formulated solution for 3–5 minutes and dried in the shadow before planting | one time during seed treatment |
| T3 and T4 | 5 g·L−1 water | Same as above but used |
one time during seed treatment and one time during compost making | |
| Metalaxyl 35% WS | T1 and T2 | 2.5 g·L−1 water | Foliar sprayed when disease symptoms appeared | 3 times at intervals of 10 days |
| Validamycin 3% L | T3 and T4 | 2.5 g·L−1 water | Foliar sprayed when disease symptoms appeared | 3 times at intervals of 10 days |
| Cypermethrin 25% EC | T1 and T2 | 2.5 mL·L−1 water | Foliar sprayed when insect and borer appeared | 3 times at intervals of 10 days |
| Plant extracts | T3 and T4 | 10 mL·L−1 water | Foliar sprayed starting after one month of planting | regularly at intervals of 2 weeks |
Analysis of variance results on ginger yield as affected by production year, location, treatment, and their interactions
| Source | DF | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F Value | Pr > F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.8 | NS |
| Location | 1 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.42 | NS |
| Treatment | 3 | 396.59 | 132.19 | 771.58 | |
| Year × Treatment | 6 | 0.77 | 0.12 | 0.74 | NS |
| Location × Treatment | 3 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.09 | NS |
| Year × Location × Treatment | 6 | 0.72 | 0.12 | 0.96 | NS |
| Residuals | 38 | 5.48 | 0.17 | NS |
Net farm income of various crops grown in Nepal
| Crops | Production cost ($·ha−1) | Revenue ($·ha−1) | Net farm income ($·ha−1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginger (GAP with mother rhizome harvest) | 3860.7 | 5933.3 | 2072.6 | field survey |
| Large cardamom | 623.0 | 2952.4 | 2329.4 | |
| Cabbage | 1478.6 | 826.7 | 826.7 | |
| Potato | 1878.0 | 2552.8 | 674.9 | |
| Tomato | 1823.5 | 2344.4 | 521.0 | |
| Cucumber | 2119.5 | 3795.8 | 1676.3 | |
| Pigeon pea | 617.8 | 906.7 | 305.8 | |
| Tea | 4718.4 | 5780.0 | 1061.6 | |
| Rice | 543.0 | 757.4 | 214.4 | |
| Maize | 467.8 | 526.6 | 58.7 |