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Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Strawberry and Molecular Identification of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus Species in the Central Region of Costa Rica

Ricardo Brenes-Campos

Ricardo Brenes-Campos

Laboratory of Nematology, Crop Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Agronomy School, University of Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
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Brenes-Campos, Ricardo
, 
Lester A. Núñez-Rodríguez

Lester A. Núñez-Rodríguez

Laboratory of Nematology, Crop Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Agronomy School, University of Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
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Núñez-Rodríguez, Lester A.
, 
Lorena Flores-Chaves

Lorena Flores-Chaves

Laboratory of Nematology, Crop Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Agronomy School, University of Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
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Flores-Chaves, Lorena
 and 
Danny A. Humphreys-Pereira

Danny A. Humphreys-Pereira

Laboratory of Nematology, Crop Protection Research Center (CIPROC), Agronomy School, University of Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
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Humphreys-Pereira, Danny A.
  
Aug 31, 2025
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Aug 31, 2025
Received: Feb 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0033
Keywords
© 2025 Ricardo Brenes-Campos et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Phylogenetic relationships between Pratylenchus species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the COI gene sequences using the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Sequences generated in this study show the haplotype in parenthesis (PPH1, PPH2, PPH3 and PPH4).
Phylogenetic relationships between Pratylenchus species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the COI gene sequences using the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Sequences generated in this study show the haplotype in parenthesis (PPH1, PPH2, PPH3 and PPH4).

Similarity of the Pratylenchus sequences generated in this study, with the GenBank accessions based on the partial COI gene and number of sequences per haplotype on each population_

Population code (GenBank accessiona) Number of sequences Collection area Haplotype Pratylenchus species Identity (%) Matched accession from GenBank
P1 (PP550689) 13 Cartago PPH1 P. penetrans 100 MT527068
P6 (PP550690) 10 Alajuela KY816944
MW660615
P2 (PP550684) 8 Cartago PPH2 P. penetrans 100 MN445196
P3 (PP550688) 10 MK877997
P4 (PP550687) 10 KY816936
P5 (PP550691) 11
P7 (PP550685) 8 Alajuela
P10 (PP550686) 9 San José
P8 (PP550683) 11 Alajuela PPH3 P. penetrans 100 KY816948
99.75 KY816961
99.75 MW660615
P9 (PP544792) 9 Alajuela PPH4 P. penetrans 100 MT527043
99.75 KY816960
99.75 MT527066
P hipb 11 Heredia PHH1 P. penetrans 97 KY424098, KY424099
(MW680342) MW042870

Populations of Meloidogyne spp_ and Pratylenchus spp_ collected from strawberry fields, including information on variety and localities, in the Central Region of Costa Rica_

Population codea Variety Locality
M1 Albion Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
M2 San Andreas Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
M3 Albion Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
M4 Festival Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
M5 San Andreas San Nicolás, Cartago, Cartago
M6 Albion San Nicolás, Cartago, Cartago
M7 San Andreas Varablanca, Varablanca, Heredia
M8 Albion Varablanca, Varablanca, Heredia
M9 Albion Varablanca, Varablanca, Heredia
M11 Elyana Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
M12 San Andreas Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
M13 San Andreas Copey, Dota, San José
P1 Albion Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
P2 San Andreas Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
P3 Festival Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
P4 Camino Real Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
P5 San Andreas Llano Grande, Cartago, Cartago
P6 Elyana Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
P7 San Andreas Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
P8 Albion Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
P9 Elyana Sabanilla, Alajuela, Alajuela
P10 San Andreas Copey, Dota, San José
P hipb San Andreas Varablanca, Varablanca, Heredia

Frequency of occurrence (FO%), minimum (Min), maximum (Max), and mean population density of plant-parasitic nematodes when present in samples of root (nematodes/100 g of roots) or soil (nematodes/100 g of soil) collected from strawberry fields in the Central Region of Costa Rica_

Genus/family Roota Soilb
FO%c Mean Min - Max FO%c Mean Min - Max
Meloidogyne 78a 20,407 10 - 265,600 62a 1,536 1 - 26,800
Pratylenchus 56a 4,853 10 - 33,520 43a 453 1 - 9,600
Helicotylenchus 25b 134 10 - 420 30b 23 1 - 120
Criconematidae 16b 740 10 - 5,120 32b 240 1 - 1,560
Hemicycliophora 15b 619 10 - 3,020 28b 362 1 - 2,160
Heteroderinae J2 11b 12 10 - 20 2b 10 10 - 10
Aphelenchoides 2b 15 15 - 15 6b 2 1 - 3
Trichodoridae -d - - 4b 27 50 - 50
Rotylenchulus 2b 20 20 - 20 - - -
Rotylenchus - - - 2b 1 1 - 1
Ditylenchus - - - 2b 1 1 - 1
Xiphinema - - - 2b 1 1 - 1
Gracilacus - - - 2b 20 20 - 20
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