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Nematocidal activity of fungal filtrates on eggs and juveniles of five species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes

B. Jumbam

B. Jumbam

  • Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityBozeman,
  • Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette,
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Jumbam, B.
, 
A. B. Peetz

A. B. Peetz

USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research UnitCorvallis,
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Peetz, A. B.
, 
V. S. Kunwar

V. S. Kunwar

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette,
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Kunwar, V. S.
, 
L. Zhang

L. Zhang

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette,
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Zhang, L.
, 
I. A. Zasada

I. A. Zasada

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette,
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Zasada, I. A.
 and 
M. C. Aime

M. C. Aime

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette,
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Aime, M. C.
  
Jun 04, 2025
Nematocidal activity of fungal filtrates on eggs and juveniles of five species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Jun 04, 2025
Received: Feb 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0018
Keywords
© 2025 B. Jumbam et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Micrograph of parameters used to differentiate between intact and damaged Heterodera gycines and Globodera ellingtonae eggs. A) 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained eggs viewed under the Echo Revolve fluorescent microscope; B) Bright field view with the Olympus microscope; C) Tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and 6)-isothiocyanate (TRITC) view with the Olympus microscope; and D) Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) view with the Olympus microscope (ie = intact eggs, de = damaged eggs, and j2 = second-stage juveniles).
Micrograph of parameters used to differentiate between intact and damaged Heterodera gycines and Globodera ellingtonae eggs. A) 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained eggs viewed under the Echo Revolve fluorescent microscope; B) Bright field view with the Olympus microscope; C) Tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and 6)-isothiocyanate (TRITC) view with the Olympus microscope; and D) Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) view with the Olympus microscope (ie = intact eggs, de = damaged eggs, and j2 = second-stage juveniles).

Figure 2:

Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Heterodera glycines and B) Globodera ellingtonae eggs. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), Alternaria tenuissima (JB217), Aureobasidium sp. (JB70), and Fusarium proliferatum (JB173).
Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Heterodera glycines and B) Globodera ellingtonae eggs. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), Alternaria tenuissima (JB217), Aureobasidium sp. (JB70), and Fusarium proliferatum (JB173).

Figure 3:

Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Globodera ellingtonae (Ge), B) Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), C) M. hapla (Mh), and D) M. incognita (Mi) second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), and Alternaria tenuissima (JB217).
Effect of fungal filtrates on A) Globodera ellingtonae (Ge), B) Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), C) M. hapla (Mh), and D) M. incognita (Mi) second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality. Bars within a nematode species followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.05). Control (CTRL), Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii (JB201), Purpureocillium lilacinum (JB209), Trichoderma virens (JB98), and Alternaria tenuissima (JB217).

Fungi isolated from cyst nematodes initially screened for impacts on egg viability of Globodera ellingtonae (Ge) and Heterodera glycines (Hg)_ More information on isolation of these strains can be found in Jumbam et al_ (2024)_

Fungal Species Strain Sourcea Siteb Country % viablec
Hg Ge
Alternaria sp. JB176 Gp GH USA - 53
A. tenuissima JB217 Hg FD USA 0 -
Arthopyrenia salicis JB155 Gr GH France 67 0
Aureobasidium sp. MCA7097 Air FD Peru - 17
Aureobasidium sp. JB70 Ge FD USA - 29
Cephalotrichum microsporum JB178 Gr GH France - 20
Cladorrhinum samala JB211 Hg FD USA 67 -
C. cladosporioides JB93 Ge FD USA - 46
C. herbarum JB179 Gp GH France - 18
Cladosporium sp. JB110 Gp GH UK - 42
Colletotrichum nigrum JB115 Gr GH USA 100 -
Fusarium acacia-mearnsii JB201 Hg FD USA 0 -
F. culmorum JB121 Ha GH USA 69 -
F. equiseti JB214 Hg FD USA 80 -
F. equiseti JB126 Gr FD USA - 36
F. oxysporium JB213 Hg FD USA 81 50
F. proliferatum JB173 Gp GH USA 82 1
F. pseudograminearum JB276 Gs FD Peru - 2
F. redolens JB280 Gs FD Peru - 8
Fusarium sp. JB266 Gs FD Peru 48
F. tricinctum JB124 Ha GH USA 57 -
Geomyces sp.1 JB219 Ha FD USA 100 -
Geomyces sp.2 JB220 Ha FD USA 67 -
Humicola grisea JB275 Gs FD Peru - 48
Keithomyces carneus JB282 Gs FD Peru - 37
Neocosmospora solani JB123 Gr GH France 67 46
N. solani JB202 Hg FD USA 60 -
Penicillium janthinellum JB122 Gr FD USA - 10
P. rubens JB270 Gs FD Peru - 47
Penicillium sp. JB204 Hg FD USA 0 -
Purpureocillium lilacinum JB209 Hg FD USA 83 -
Thielavia sp. JB104 Ha GH USA 100 -
Trichocladium griseum JB274 Gs FD Peru - 47
Trichoderma sp.1 JB96 Gr GH USA 41 -
Trichoderma sp.2 JB98 Ha GH USA 11 28
T. virens JB101 Gr GH France 71 45
Unknown1 JB240 Ha FD USA 70 -
Unknown2 JB243 Ha FD USA 87 -
Unknown3 JB245 Ha FD USA 0 -
Unseq2 JB278 Gr FD USA - 42
Unseq3 JB285 Gs FD Peru - 35
Zopfiella longicaudata JB100 Gp FD France - 45
Control - - - - 73 51

Top six fungi retained for fungal filtrate assays against Heterodera glycines (Hg), Globerdera ellingtonae (Ge), Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Mc), M_ hapla (Mh), and M_ incognita (Mi) eggs or second-stage juveniles (J2)_

Strain Fungal Species Nematode Life stage assayed
JB70 Aureobasidium sp. Ge eggs
JB98 Trichoderma virens Ge, Hg eggs
Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi J2
JB173 Fusarium proliferatum Ge eggs
JB201 F. acaciae-mearnsii Hg eggs
Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi J2
JB209 Purpureocilium lilacinum Ge, Hg eggs
Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi J2
JB217 Alternaria tenuissima Hg eggs
Ge, Mc, Mh, Mi J2
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