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Meloidogyne floridensis has a unique virulence profile against root-knot nematode resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines

C Khanal

C Khanal

Clemson University, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson,
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Khanal, C
, 
W Rutter

W Rutter

USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharleston,
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Rutter, W
, 
M. S Alam

M. S Alam

University of California Davis, Department of Entomology and NematologyDavis,
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Alam, M. S
 and 
I. Alarcon-Mendoza

I. Alarcon-Mendoza

Clemson University, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson,
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Alarcon-Mendoza, I.
  
Mar 14, 2025
Meloidogyne floridensis has a unique virulence profile against root-knot nematode resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Mar 14, 2025
Received: Dec 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0007
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© 2025 C Khanal et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the growth chamber experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the growth chamber experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data.

Figure 2:

Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.

Figure 3:

Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at the USDA. Data represent the distribution of ten replications unless otherwise noted*. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’. *Due to low seed germination two lines had less than ten replicates PA 136 had four replicates and CW had six replicates.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at the USDA. Data represent the distribution of ten replications unless otherwise noted*. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’. *Due to low seed germination two lines had less than ten replicates PA 136 had four replicates and CW had six replicates.

Figure 4:

Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the growth chamber experiment. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.
Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the growth chamber experiment. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.

Figure 5:

Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.
Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at Clemson University. Data represent the distribution of four replications. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’.

Figure 6:

Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at the USDA. Data represent the distribution of ten replications unless otherwise noted*. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’. *Due to low seed germination two lines had less than ten replicates PA 136 had four replicates and CW had six replicates.
Root galling caused by Meloidogyne floridensis on pepper genotypes in the first greenhouse experiment conducted at the USDA. Data represent the distribution of ten replications unless otherwise noted*. Tukey style box and whisker plots are presented with individual dot points representing scores from individual plants. Treatments sharing a common letter are not significantly different according to Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). The middle crossbar represents the median, the outer crossbars represent the 25th and 75th quartiles and the whiskers represent 3/2 times the interquartile range of the data. CW refers to cultivar ‘Carolina Wonder’. *Due to low seed germination two lines had less than ten replicates PA 136 had four replicates and CW had six replicates.

Pepper genotypes and their corresponding gene(s) for resistance employed in the current study_

Pepper genotype Known RKN resistance gene(s) Reference
‘Charleston Belle’ N Fery et al., 1998
HDA 149 Me3 Djian-Caporalino et al., 2007
HDA 330 Me1 Djian-Caporalino et al, 2007
PM 217 Me1, Me2 Djian-Caporalino et al., 2007; Berthou et al., 2003
PM 687 Me3, Me4 Djian-Caporalino et al., 2007
PA 136 None Dukes et al., 1992
‘Carolina Wonder’ (CW) N Fery et al., 1998
CW X PA136, F1 Hybrid N This study
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