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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Fungal-feeding Stem Nematode Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Intercepted Samples

Che-Chang Liang

Che-Chang Liang

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung City, Taiwan
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Liang, Che-Chang
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Pei-Chen Chen

Pei-Chen Chen

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung City, Taiwan
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Chen, Pei-Chen
  
Feb 27, 2025
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Fungal-feeding Stem Nematode Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Intercepted Samples's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Feb 27, 2025
Received: Nov 04, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0003
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© 2025 Che-Chang Liang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

The line drawing of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C: Female esophageal region; D: Lateral field at mid-body; E: Female posterior body region; F: Male posterior region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).
The line drawing of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C: Female esophageal region; D: Lateral field at mid-body; E: Female posterior body region; F: Male posterior region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C, D: Female anterior body region; E: Spermatheca; F Lateral field at mid-body; G: Vulval region and post-vulval uterine sac; H: Female tail region; I: Male tail region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).
Light micrographs of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C, D: Female anterior body region; E: Spermatheca; F Lateral field at mid-body; G: Vulval region and post-vulval uterine sac; H: Female tail region; I: Male tail region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).

Figure 3:

Bayesian tree generated from the D2D3 of 28S rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. Newly obtained sequence in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).
Bayesian tree generated from the D2D3 of 28S rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. Newly obtained sequence in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).

Figure 4:

Bayesian tree generated from the ITS rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. The newly obtained sequence is in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).
Bayesian tree generated from the ITS rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. The newly obtained sequence is in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).

The average reproduction factor value of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n_ sp_ recovered from fungal cultures, alfalfa seedlings, and callused carrot disks_

Culture Juvenile individuals Adult individuals Reproduction factor
Callused carrot disk 0 a 0 0
Alfalfa 0 0 0
Rhizoctonia solani 89.33 ± 31 143.56 ± 15 11.64 ± 2
Lentinula edodes 0 0.78 ± 1 0.04 ± 0
Pleurotus eryngii 0 0.56 ± 1 0.03 ± 0
Volvariella volvacea 0 1.89 ± 1 0.09 ± 0
Agaricus bisporus 13.22 ± 12 35.22 ± 11 2.42 ± 1
Agaricus bitorquis 0 1.89 ± 1 0.09 ± 0

Morphometrics of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n_ sp_

Character/ration Female Male
Holotype Paratypes Paratypes
n - 20 15
L 745.58 a 728 ± 61.3 (612–846) 641 ± 61.7 (511–720)
a 40.85 40.4 ± 2.3 (34.5–43.4) 41.3 ± 3.1 (34.5–47.1)
b 6.83 6.4 ± 0.7 (5.4–8.5) 5.6 ± 0.4 (4.7–6.2)
c 10.82 11.1 ± 0.7 (9.9–12.7) 10.6 ± 0.9 (9.1–12.0)
c’ 5.28 5.5 ± 0.6 (4.5–6.8) 5.7 ± 0.6 (4.7–6.5)
V or T (%) 82.57 80.0 ± 1.8 (75.5–82.6) 37.3 ± 3.0 (34.0–43.1)
Lip region height 2.22 2.3 ± 0.1 (2.0–2.7) 1.9 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.2)
Lip region diam. 5.83 5.8 ± 0.3 (5.4–6.4) 5.1 ± 0.3 (4.5–5.6)
Stylet length 8.14 8.0 ± 0.3 (7.4–8.4) 7.6 ± 0.3 (7.1–8.2)
Conus length 2.95 2.6 ± 0.3 (2.1–3.0) 2.6 ± 0.3 (2.2–3.1)
m 36.24 32.9 ± 3.4 (26.7–38.1) 34.0 ± 3.7 (28.8–39.6)
Body diam. 18.25 18.1 ± 2.5 (14.1–24.3) 15.6 ± 1.8 (12.7–19.4)
Nerve ring from anterior 72.7 73.6 ± 5.6 (62.9–85.0) 69.8 ± 3.1 (65.5–75.7)
Excretory pore form anterior 83.67 94.3 ± 5.0 (83.7–108.2) 88.9 ± 6.0 (71.9–98.7)
Esophagus length 109.17 113.6 ± 8.3 (91.0–127.6) 114.4 ± 4.1 (107.0–119.3)
Vulva to anus distance (VA) 80.5 79.1 ± 7.5 (66.7–90.3) -
Post vulval uterine sac 40.76 36.5 ± 7.4 (21.8–51.6) -
PUS/VA (%) 50.63 46.0 ± 7.6 (32.7–69.4) -
Ovary or testis length 266.18 254.6 ± 22.6 (217.7–303.6) 238.8 ± 24.1 (190.3–287.8)
Anal (cloacal) body diam. 13.05 12.0 ± 2.0 (9.6–16.8) 10.8 ± 1.2 (9.0–12.9)
Tail length 68.92 65.5 ± 5.4 (58.2–76.9) 60.8 ± 4.3 (49.9–68.0)
Spicule length (arc line) - - 15.4 ± 0.6 (14.7–16.7)
Gubernaculum length - - 5.3 ± 0.4 (4.4–6.0)
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