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What is the Optimal Way to Assess Meloidogyne spp. Reproduction in Greenhouse Pot Experiments?

Olivia Filialuna
Olivia Filialuna
, 
Catherine Wram
Catherine Wram
 and 
Inga Zasada
Inga Zasada
   | May 18, 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: May 18, 2022
Page range: -
Received: Oct 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0012
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© 2022 Olivia Filialuna et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (RF = initial density/final density) on tomato as influenced by life stage, inoculation density, and/or pot size. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) Reproduction factor values by pot size. Darkening shade of the bars delineates the increasing pot size from 100 g to 3,000 g. (B) Reproduction factor values by life stage and inoculation density, regardless of pot size.
Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (RF = initial density/final density) on tomato as influenced by life stage, inoculation density, and/or pot size. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) Reproduction factor values by pot size. Darkening shade of the bars delineates the increasing pot size from 100 g to 3,000 g. (B) Reproduction factor values by life stage and inoculation density, regardless of pot size.

Figure 2

Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (initial density/final density) on tomato over time when inoculated with J2 or eggs. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments.
Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (initial density/final density) on tomato over time when inoculated with J2 or eggs. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments.

Figure 3

Reproduction factor (initial density/final density) values of three Meloidogyne species over time on tomato. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) M. hapla, (B) M. incognita, and (C) M. chitwoodi.
Reproduction factor (initial density/final density) values of three Meloidogyne species over time on tomato. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) M. hapla, (B) M. incognita, and (C) M. chitwoodi.

Summary of experiments and the variables assessed.

Variables assessed
Life stagea Takedown wkb Pot size (g) Inoculation densityc Species
Experiment 1 Eggs, J2 8 100, 500, 3,000 0.5, 1, 2 M. incognita
Experiment 2 Eggs, J2 5, 6, 7, 8 500 1 M. incognita
Experiment 3 Eggs 5, 6, 7, 8 500 1 M. chitwoodi, M. hapla, M. incognita

Summary of previous Meloidogyne species reproduction assay studies.

Study Species Pot sizea Inoculation densityb Assay duration (degree day or time) Experimental temperature Reproduction factor or Gall ratingc
Pinkerton et al. (1991) M. chitwoodi 19 L 150 eggs/250 cm3 1,750 DD 21°C to 22°C 20
Pinkerton et al. (1991) M. chitwoodi 19 L 150 eggs/250 cm3 2,000 DD 21°C to 22°C 120
Ferris et al. (1993) M. chitwoodi 473 mL 1,275 J2 10 wk N/A 16.07
Ferris et al. (1993) M. chitwoodi 473 mL 1,000 J2 90 d N/A 2.6–16.5
Mojtahedi et al. (1988) M. chitwoodi and M. hapla 10 cm d 5,000 eggs 55 d 22°C to 28°C 47.3
Santo and O’Bannon (1981) M. chitwoodi and M. hapla 18 cm d 1,000 or 10,000 eggs 13 wk 15, 20, 25, and 30°C M. chitwoodi: (6.9–442.8) M. hapla: (0.45–34)
Gaspard et al. (1990) M. incognita 172 cm3 800 J2 to 1,500 J2 1 mon 500 DD20-30 0.4
Gaspard et al. (1990) M. incognita 172 cm3 800 J2 to 1500 J2 3 mon 500 DD20-30 0.4
Ploeg and Maris (1999) M. incognita 1 L 2,000 J2 Varied 16.2, 19.5, 25.0, 30.0, and 35.4°C. 0.02–1.6
Singh and Khurma (2008) M. incognita 2 L 0, 200, 400, and 600 J2 8 wk N/A (avg # galls 13,19,26) (avg # egg masses 6, 11, and 17)
Silva et al. (2019) M. incognita 2500 cm3 5,000 eggs 8 wk 25°C 17.2
Cristóbal-Alejo et al. (2021) M. incognita 5 kg 2,500 eggs and 1,625 J2 92 d 30 ± 2°C 1700 eggs/g of root, 45 females per gram of root, 150 galls per plant
Yeon et al. (2021) M. incognita 9.5 cm d 10,000 eggs 6 wk 25 ± 5°C 3.9 RF/9 gall index
Vega-Callo et al. (2021) M. incognita and M. hapla 3 kg 5,000 eggs and J2 6 mon 25 ± 5°C M. incognita: (8.4) M. hapla (2.53)
Kankam and Adomako (2014) Meloidogyne spp. 1 L 500, 1,000, and 2,000 J2 12 wk 23.4–34.5°C 1.2–1.7
Wram and Zasada (2020) M. incognita, M. chitwoodi, and M. hapla 1,500 J2 15 wk 26/18°C d/night M. incognita: (61.2), M. chitwoodi: (25.5) M. hapla (32.2)
El-Sherif et al. (2007) M. incognita 850 g 250,500, and 1,000 eggs 45 d 23 ± 4°C 1.1–1.5
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