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What is the Optimal Way to Assess Meloidogyne spp. Reproduction in Greenhouse Pot Experiments?

Olivia Filialuna

Olivia Filialuna

USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallis,
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Filialuna, Olivia
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Catherine Wram

Catherine Wram

USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallis,
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Wram, Catherine
 and 
Inga Zasada

Inga Zasada

USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallis,
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Zasada, Inga
  
May 18, 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: May 18, 2022
Received: Oct 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0012
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© 2022 Olivia Filialuna et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (RF = initial density/final density) on tomato as influenced by life stage, inoculation density, and/or pot size. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) Reproduction factor values by pot size. Darkening shade of the bars delineates the increasing pot size from 100 g to 3,000 g. (B) Reproduction factor values by life stage and inoculation density, regardless of pot size.
Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (RF = initial density/final density) on tomato as influenced by life stage, inoculation density, and/or pot size. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) Reproduction factor values by pot size. Darkening shade of the bars delineates the increasing pot size from 100 g to 3,000 g. (B) Reproduction factor values by life stage and inoculation density, regardless of pot size.

Figure 2

Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (initial density/final density) on tomato over time when inoculated with J2 or eggs. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments.
Meloidogyne incognita reproduction factor (initial density/final density) on tomato over time when inoculated with J2 or eggs. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments.

Figure 3

Reproduction factor (initial density/final density) values of three Meloidogyne species over time on tomato. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) M. hapla, (B) M. incognita, and (C) M. chitwoodi.
Reproduction factor (initial density/final density) values of three Meloidogyne species over time on tomato. Letters of significance were determined using the Tukey ad-hoc test of treatments. (A) M. hapla, (B) M. incognita, and (C) M. chitwoodi.

Summary of experiments and the variables assessed_

Variables assessed
Life stagea Takedown wkb Pot size (g) Inoculation densityc Species
Experiment 1 Eggs, J2 8 100, 500, 3,000 0.5, 1, 2 M. incognita
Experiment 2 Eggs, J2 5, 6, 7, 8 500 1 M. incognita
Experiment 3 Eggs 5, 6, 7, 8 500 1 M. chitwoodi, M. hapla, M. incognita

Summary of previous Meloidogyne species reproduction assay studies_

Study Species Pot sizea Inoculation densityb Assay duration (degree day or time) Experimental temperature Reproduction factor or Gall ratingc
Pinkerton et al. (1991) M. chitwoodi 19 L 150 eggs/250 cm3 1,750 DD 21°C to 22°C 20
Pinkerton et al. (1991) M. chitwoodi 19 L 150 eggs/250 cm3 2,000 DD 21°C to 22°C 120
Ferris et al. (1993) M. chitwoodi 473 mL 1,275 J2 10 wk N/A 16.07
Ferris et al. (1993) M. chitwoodi 473 mL 1,000 J2 90 d N/A 2.6–16.5
Mojtahedi et al. (1988) M. chitwoodi and M. hapla 10 cm d 5,000 eggs 55 d 22°C to 28°C 47.3
Santo and O’Bannon (1981) M. chitwoodi and M. hapla 18 cm d 1,000 or 10,000 eggs 13 wk 15, 20, 25, and 30°C M. chitwoodi: (6.9–442.8) M. hapla: (0.45–34)
Gaspard et al. (1990) M. incognita 172 cm3 800 J2 to 1,500 J2 1 mon 500 DD20-30 0.4
Gaspard et al. (1990) M. incognita 172 cm3 800 J2 to 1500 J2 3 mon 500 DD20-30 0.4
Ploeg and Maris (1999) M. incognita 1 L 2,000 J2 Varied 16.2, 19.5, 25.0, 30.0, and 35.4°C. 0.02–1.6
Singh and Khurma (2008) M. incognita 2 L 0, 200, 400, and 600 J2 8 wk N/A (avg # galls 13,19,26) (avg # egg masses 6, 11, and 17)
Silva et al. (2019) M. incognita 2500 cm3 5,000 eggs 8 wk 25°C 17.2
Cristóbal-Alejo et al. (2021) M. incognita 5 kg 2,500 eggs and 1,625 J2 92 d 30 ± 2°C 1700 eggs/g of root, 45 females per gram of root, 150 galls per plant
Yeon et al. (2021) M. incognita 9.5 cm d 10,000 eggs 6 wk 25 ± 5°C 3.9 RF/9 gall index
Vega-Callo et al. (2021) M. incognita and M. hapla 3 kg 5,000 eggs and J2 6 mon 25 ± 5°C M. incognita: (8.4) M. hapla (2.53)
Kankam and Adomako (2014) Meloidogyne spp. 1 L 500, 1,000, and 2,000 J2 12 wk 23.4–34.5°C 1.2–1.7
Wram and Zasada (2020) M. incognita, M. chitwoodi, and M. hapla 1,500 J2 15 wk 26/18°C d/night M. incognita: (61.2), M. chitwoodi: (25.5) M. hapla (32.2)
El-Sherif et al. (2007) M. incognita 850 g 250,500, and 1,000 eggs 45 d 23 ± 4°C 1.1–1.5
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