Open Access

Effects of temperature on electrical impedance of biological tissues: ex-vivo measurements

, ,  and   
Sep 17, 2024

Cite
Download Cover

Fig.1:

(A) Custom made test cell containing animal tissue sample for measuring impedance while heating on water bath. (B) Mashed tomato sample for impedance measurements at different temperatures.
(A) Custom made test cell containing animal tissue sample for measuring impedance while heating on water bath. (B) Mashed tomato sample for impedance measurements at different temperatures.

Fig.2:

Schematic of the experimental setup for impedance measurement with the tissue heating system.
Schematic of the experimental setup for impedance measurement with the tissue heating system.

Fig.3:

Experimental setup for impedance measurement from different biological samples using a bioimpedance spectrometer while heating on hot water bath.
Experimental setup for impedance measurement from different biological samples using a bioimpedance spectrometer while heating on hot water bath.

Fig.4:

Impedance specgrum for animal tissue (lamb muslce), (A) Variation of impedance with frequency at 8 representative temperatures, (B) Cole plot at different temperature.
Impedance specgrum for animal tissue (lamb muslce), (A) Variation of impedance with frequency at 8 representative temperatures, (B) Cole plot at different temperature.

Fig.5:

Impedance specgrum for plant sample (Aloe vera), (A) Variation of impedance with frequency at 8 representative temperatures, (B) Cole plot at different temperature.
Impedance specgrum for plant sample (Aloe vera), (A) Variation of impedance with frequency at 8 representative temperatures, (B) Cole plot at different temperature.

Fig.6:

Variation of impedance with temperature at 6 selected frequencies for animal sample (lamb muscle) and the corresponding linear regression curves.
Variation of impedance with temperature at 6 selected frequencies for animal sample (lamb muscle) and the corresponding linear regression curves.

Fig.7

Variation of impedance with temperature at 6 selected frequencies for fruit sample (grapes) and the corresponding linear regression curves.
Variation of impedance with temperature at 6 selected frequencies for fruit sample (grapes) and the corresponding linear regression curves.

Fig.8

Scaled impedance spectrum at 8 different temperatures; Red Apple (top left), Tomato (top right), Lamb Muscle (bottom left), Cow muscle (bottom right).
Scaled impedance spectrum at 8 different temperatures; Red Apple (top left), Tomato (top right), Lamb Muscle (bottom left), Cow muscle (bottom right).

Temperature coefficient and percentage change of impedance with temperature for different types of animal tissue samples at six representative frequencies_

Sample name Frequency (Hz) Temperature Coefficient, BT (Ω/°C) Relative Change (%/°C)
Lamb Muscle 10 -2.6189 -1.27
1k -2.3863 -1.32
10k -1.9512 -1.27
100k -0.8951 -1.02
1M -0.4896 -1.08
5.12M -0.3910 -1.24
Cow Muscle 10 -7.7511 -2.27
1k -6.7452 -2.17
10k -5.4874 -2.03
100k -2.0135 -1.49
1M -0.8192 -1.27
5.12M -0.4217 -0.98
Chicken Muscle 10 -3.9431 -1.60
1k -3.3650 -1.61
10k -2.3671 -1.44
100k -0.7267 -0.90
1M -0.4672 -1.05
5.12M -0.3136 -1.10
Cow Liver 10 -8.2916 -2.27
1k -7.4167 -2.24
10k -6.1507 -2.13
100k -3.4806 -1.78
1M -1.8027 -1.50
5.12M -1.2311 -1.66
Labeo Rohita 10 -6.729 -2.17
1k -6.0705 -2.21
10k -4.193 -2.02
100k -1.7576 -1.57
1M -0.6843 -1.20
5.12M -0.325 -1.62
Labeo Catla 10 -0.8439 -1.54
1k -0.7593 -1.51
10k -0.7418 -1.50
100k -0.6814 -1.44
1M -0.5694 -1.36
5.12M -0.4514 -1.37

Temperature coefficient and percentage change of impedance with temperature for different types of fruit and plant samples at six representative frequencies_

Sample name Frequency (Hz) Temperature Coefficient, BT (Ω/°C) Relative Change (%/°C)
Grapes 10 -1.4918 -1.42
1k -1.4107 -1.42
10k -1.349 -1.40
100k -1.1755 -1.31
1M -1.0459 -1.27
5.12M -0.7209 -1.32
Mango 10 -1.5593 -1.59
1k -1.4536 -1.60
10k -1.4106 -1.58
100k -1.2633 -1.53
1M -1.0797 -1.50
5.12M -1.0175 -1.88
Papaya 10 -1.0765 -1.37
1k -0.9763 -1.33
10k -0.9679 -1.33
100k -0.907 -1.30
1M -0.7482 -1.24
5.12M -0.5782 -1.27
Banana 10 -0.9753 -1.45
1k -0.9415 -1.45
10k -0.9248 -1.45
100k -0.8418 -1.40
1M -0.6641 -1.29
5.12M -0.4355 -1.19
Pear 10 -1.1209 -1.06
1k -1.0404 -1.03
10k -1.0472 -1.03
100k -1.0182 -1.02
1M -0.9114 -0.96
5.12M -0.2722 -0.58
Red Apple 10 -2.5972 -1.54
1k -2.4608 -1.54
10k -2.4341 -1.54
100k -2.303 -1.52
1M -2.2 -1.51
5.12M -1.368 -1.65
Tomato 10 -0.7447 -1.19
1k -0.7056 -1.21
10k -0.695 -1.21
100k -0.6508 -1.17
1M -0.5762 -1.13
5.12M -0.3877 -1.08
Aloevera 10 -0.8565 -1.16
1k -0.8481 -1.20
10k -0.8515 -1.22
100k -0.7764 -1.17
1M -0.691 -1.12
5.12M -0.4854 -1.07