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Journals
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
Volume 10 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)
Open Access
Age-related differences in the morphology of the impedance cardiography signal
Christian Tronstad
Christian Tronstad
,
Jan Olav Høgetveit
Jan Olav Høgetveit
,
Ole Elvebakk
Ole Elvebakk
and
Håvard Kalvøy
Håvard Kalvøy
| Dec 31, 2019
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
Volume 10 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)
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Published Online:
Dec 31, 2019
Page range:
139 - 145
Received:
Dec 01, 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2019-0020
Keywords
Bioimpedance
,
impedance cardiography
,
age
,
signal analysis
© 2019 Christian Tronstad et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Fig. 1
ICG plotted as change in impedance (−ΔZ), the time-derivative of the impedance (−dZ/dt) together with ECG. The B point marks the aortic valve opening, the X point marks aortic valve closure, the Y point marks pulmonic valve closure and the O point marks the rapid ventricular filling wave. The distance from the ECG Q-point to the ICG B point is attributed to the pre-ejection period of the heart (TPE), and the ICG B-X distance is attributed to the left ventricular ejection time (TLVE). The figure is copied from Bernstein 2009 under the Wikimedia Commons license.
Fig. 2
ICG (−dZ/dt) waveforms for each beat, resampled to an even length of one second (gray lines). The ensemble averages for every individual and phase is shown in the thick black line with ±1 standard deviation in the dashed lines.
Fig. 3
The ensemble averages of −dZ/dt for each individual within each phase (colored lines). The mean of these curves is shown in the thick black lines (grand ensemble averages).
Fig. 4
The ensemble averages of −d2Z/dt2 for each individual within each phase (colored lines). The mean of these curves is shown in the thick black lines (grand ensemble averages).