Planar rat-race couplers and Wilkinson power dividers for quad-band applications using extended Pi-shaped impedance transformers

[1] Y. Zheng, W. Wang, Y. Yang and Y. Wu, “Single-Layer Planar Wideband Rat-Race Coupler Using a Shorted Parallel-Coupled Multi-Line Section,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 3053–3057, 2020. Search in Google Scholar

[2] A. Chen, Y. Zhuang, J. Zhou and Y. Huang, “Design of a Broadband Wilkinson Power Divider with Wide Range Tunable Bandwidths by Adding a Pair of Capacitors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 567–571, 2019. Search in Google Scholar

[3] W. Nie, S. Luo and Y. X. Guo, “Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonic Suppression,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 754–756, 2014. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Z. F. Jin, J. Xu, M. Zhao and Y. Liu, A Compact Wideband Lumped-Element Wilkinson Power Divider Using Inverting Coupled Coil, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 599602, 2024. Search in Google Scholar

[5] H. R. Ahn and S. Nam, Wideband Microstrip Coupled-Line Ring Hybrids for High Power-Division Ratios, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 17681780, 2013. Search in Google Scholar

[6] X. Yang and D. H. Hong, A 4-GHz 1:10 Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider Using Split Ring Resonator, in 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China, 2017, pp. 27182721. Search in Google Scholar

[7] X. Tan, J. Sun and F. Lin, A Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Rat-Race Coupler, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 665 668, 2020. Search in Google Scholar

[8] X. Tan and F. Lin, A Novel Rat-Race Coupler with Widely Tunable Frequency, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 957–967, 2019. Search in Google Scholar

[9] B. Wu, Z. Sun, X. Wang and Y. Liu, –A Reconfigurable Wilkinson Power Divider with Flexible Tuning Range Configuration, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 1219–1223, 2020. Search in Google Scholar

[10] A. Majeed and M. Ashraf, “Dual-Band Ring Couplers Using T- and Π-Section,” International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, vol. 3, pp. 460–466, 2008. Search in Google Scholar

[11] A. Sahu, K. A. Al Shamaileh, P. H. Aaen and M. S. Hashmi, “A High-Frequency/Power Ratio Wilkinson Power Divider Based on Identical/Non-Identical Multi-T-Sections with Short-Circuited Stubs,” IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 34–45, 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[12] X. Yang, J. W. Xie, X. C. Zhang and Y. Liu, “Novel Multiband Ring Coupler Based on Notch Filter,” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 30, no. 8, e22394, 2020. Search in Google Scholar

[13] I. H. Lin, M. Devincentis, C. Caloz and T. Itoh, “Arbitrary Dual-Band Components Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1142–1149, 2004. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Q. Wang, J. Lim and Y. Jeong, “Design of a Compact Tri-Band Branch Line Coupler Using Double-Lorentz Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 304–308, 2017. Search in Google Scholar

[15] Q. X. Chu and F. Lin, “A Novel Tri-Band Rat-Race Coupler with T-Shape Step Impedance Transformers,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1240–1244, 2010. Search in Google Scholar

[16] C. Miao, B. Li, G. Yang and Y. Liu, “Design of Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider for Tri-Band Operation,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 28, pp. 159–172, 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[17] M. Chongcheawchamnan, S. Patisang, M. Krairiksh and I. D. Robertson, “Tri-Band Wilkinson Power Divider Using a Three-Section Transmission-Line Transformer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 452–454, 2006. Search in Google Scholar

[18] A. Althuwayb, “Design of a Quad-Band Rat-Race Coupler for GSM/WiMAX/WLAN/Satellite Applications,” Radioengineering, vol. 30, pp. 135–141, 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[19] N. M. Giang, L. H. M. Thang, L. D. Manh and T. T. T. Nguyen, “A Simple Design of Low-Loss Quad-Band Wilkinson Power Dividers,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 75, pp. 63–71, 2024. Search in Google Scholar

[20] A. Papanastasiou, “Design and Implementation of Quad-Band Microwave Devices Using the Negative Refractive Index Transmission-Line Technique,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, May 2015. Search in Google Scholar

[21] A. C. Papanastasiou, G. E. Georghiou and G. V. Eleftheriades, “A Quad-Band Wilkinson Power Divider Using Generalized NRI Transmission Lines,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 521–523, 2008. Search in Google Scholar

[22] S. Velan, S. Kingsly, M. Kanagasabai and R. S. Kumar, “Quad-Band Rat-Race Coupler with Suppression of Spurious Pass-Bands,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 26, pp. 490–492, 2016. Search in Google Scholar

[23] A. M. El-Tager, A. M. El-Akhdar and H. M. El-Hennawy, “Analysis of Coupled Microstrip Lines for Quad-Band Equal Power Dividers/Combiners,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 41, pp. 187–211, 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[24] N. C. Pradhan, K. S. Subramanian, R. K. Barik and S. K. Koul, “Design of Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Triple- and Quad-Band Power Dividers,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 365–368, 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[25] R. K. Barik, K. V. P. Kumar and S. S. Karthikeyan, “Design of a Quad-Band Branch Line Balun Using Extended Pi-Shaped Coupled Lines,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 26, pp. 771–773, 2016. Search in Google Scholar

[26] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed., New York: Wiley, 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[27] G. Wu, S. Qi, W. Liu and B. Hu, “A Quad-Band Branch Line Coupler with High Frequency Ratio,” IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 20210487, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

[28] H. Younesiraad, M. Bemani and M. Fozi, “A Novel Fully Planar Quad-Band Wilkinson Power Divider,” AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 74, pp. 75–82, 2017. Search in Google Scholar

[29] H. H. Jaradat, N. I. Dib and K. A. Al Shamaileh, “A Compact Coplanar Waveguide Quad-Band Wilkinson Power Divider Using Non-Uniform Transmission Lines,” in 2019 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), Miami, FL, USA, 2019, pp. 1–2. Search in Google Scholar

[30] B. Xia, L. S. Wu, J. Mao and Y. Liu, “A New Quad-Band Wilkinson Power Divider,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 28, no. 13, Search in Google Scholar