Robust adaptive beamforming using modified constant modulus algorithms

[1] A. Elnashar, S. Elnoubi, and H. Elmikati, “Sample–by–sample and block–adaptive robust constant modulus–based algorithms”, IET Signal Processing, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 805–813, 2012.10.1049/iet-spr.2011.0430 Search in Google Scholar

[2] M. Wax and Y. Anu, “Performance analysis of the minimum variance beamformer in the presence of steering vector errors”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 938–947, 1996.10.1109/78.492546 Search in Google Scholar

[3] C.–Y. Chen and P. P. Vaidyanathan, “Quadratically constrained beamforming robust against direction–of–arrival mismatch”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 4139–4150, 2007.10.1109/TSP.2007.894402 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Q. Du, Y. Song, C. Ji, and Z. Ahmad, “Digital beamforming for ultra–wideband signals utilizing an extrapolated array generated by carathodory representation combining fractional delay filters based on high–order hermite interpolation”, IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1760–1768, 2018.10.1002/tee.22738 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Z. Jaffri, Z. Ahmad, A. Kabir, and S. Bukhari, “A novel miniaturized Koch–Minkowski hybrid fractal antenna”, Microelectronics International, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 22–37, 2021.10.1108/MI-07-2021-0069 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Z. Ahmad, M. Chen, and S.-D. Bao, “Beampattern analysis of frequency diverse array radar: a review”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, no. 1, pp. 189, 2021.10.1186/s13638-021-02063-6 Search in Google Scholar

[7] J. Wang and M. G. Amin, “GPS interference cancellation performance in single and multiple MVDR beamforming methods”, 2006 Fortieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 2300–2304, 2006.10.1109/ACSSC.2006.355180 Search in Google Scholar

[8] X. Song, J. Wang, and Y. Han, “Robust LSCMA under quadratic constraint”, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, pp. 464–467, 2010.10.1109/ICAL.2010.5585327 Search in Google Scholar

[9] J. Mguez and L. Castedo, “A constant modulus blind adaptive receiver for multiuser interference suppression”, Signal Processing, vol. 71, pp. 15–27, 1998.10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00131-5 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Z. Ahmad, Y. Song, and Q. Du, “Adaptive wideband beamforming based on digital delay filter”, Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 262–274, 2016.10.1590/2179-10742016v15i3630 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Z. Ahmad, S. Yaoliang, and Q. Du, “A robust adaptive beam-forming algorithm based on LSCMA”, 2017 2nd Workshop on Recent Trends in Telecommunications Research (RTTR), pp. 1–6, 2017.10.1109/RTTR.2017.7887861 Search in Google Scholar

[12] H.–S. Lui, H. T. Hui, and M. S. Leong, “A Note on the mutual–coupling problems in transmitting and receiving antenna arrays”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 171–176, 2009.10.1109/MAP.2009.5432083 Search in Google Scholar

[13] A. J. Kerkhoff and H. Ling, “A simplified method for reducing mutual coupling effects in low frequency radio telescope phased arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1838–1845, 2011.10.1109/TAP.2011.2122215 Search in Google Scholar

[14] W. P. M. N. Keizer, “Fast and accurate array calibration using a synthetic array approach”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 4115–4122, 2011.10.1109/TAP.2011.2164171 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Y. Li and M. H. Er, “Theoretical analyses of gain and phase error calibration with optimal implementation for linear equispaced array”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 712–723, 2006.10.1109/TSP.2005.861892 Search in Google Scholar

[16] A. Young, M. V. Ivashina, R. Maaskant, O. A. Iupikov, and D. B. Davidson, “Improving the calibration efficiency of an array fed reflector antenna through constrained beamforming”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3538–3545, 2013.10.1109/TAP.2013.2255577 Search in Google Scholar

[17] H. Pawlak and A. F. Jacob, “An external calibration scheme for DBF antenna arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 59–67, Jan 2010.10.1109/TAP.2009.2036195 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Z. Jaffri, Z. Ahmad, A. Kabir, and S. Bukhari, “A novel compact stair–shaped multiband fractal antenna for wireless communication systems”, Journal of Electrical Engineering–Elektrotechnicky Casopis, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 306–314, 2021.10.2478/jee-2021-0043 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Z. Ahmad, Z. Jaffri, S.–D. Bao, and M. Chen, “Frequency diverse array radar with non–uniform array spacing based on sigmoid function”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 36–42, 2022.10.2478/jee-2022-0005 Search in Google Scholar

[20] H.L. van Tress, Optimum array processing, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 2002.10.1002/0471221104 Search in Google Scholar

[21] S. A. Vorobyov, A. B. Gershman, and Z.–Q. Luo, “Robust adaptive beamforming using worst–case performance optimization: a solution to the signal mismatch problem”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 313–324, 2003.10.1109/TSP.2002.806865 Search in Google Scholar

[22] S. A. Vorobyov, A. B. Gershman, Z.–Q. Luo, and N. Ma, “Adaptive beamforming with joint robustness against mismatched signal steering vector and interference nonstationarity”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 108–111, 2004.10.1109/LSP.2003.819857 Search in Google Scholar

[23] R. G. Lorenz and S. P. Boyd, “Robust minimum variance beam-forming”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1684–1696, 2005.10.1109/TSP.2005.845436 Search in Google Scholar

[24] L. C. Godara, “Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications. II. Beam–forming and direction–of–arrival considerations”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1195–1245, 1997.10.1109/5.622504 Search in Google Scholar

[25] A. B. Gershman, N. D. Sidiropoulos, S. Shahbazpanahi, M. Bengtsson, and B. Ottersten, “Convex optimization–based beam-forming”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 62–75, 2010.10.1109/MSP.2010.936015 Search in Google Scholar

[26] A. Elnashar, S. M. Elnoubi, and H. A. El–Mikati, “Further study on robust adaptive beamforming with optimum diagonal loading”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 3647–3658, 2006.10.1109/TAP.2006.886473 Search in Google Scholar

[27] S. D. Somasundaram, “Linearly constrained robust capon beam-forming”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 5845–5856, 2012.10.1109/TSP.2012.2212889 Search in Google Scholar

[28] J. Li, P. Stoica, and Z. Wang, “Doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2407–2423, 2004.10.1109/TSP.2004.831998 Search in Google Scholar

[29] J. Xiang, L. Guo, and Q. Liu, “Study of GPS nulling antenna based on space–time processing algorithm”, 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1–4, 2009.10.1109/WICOM.2009.5302363 Search in Google Scholar

[30] A.Özen, I. Kaya, and B. Soysal, “Variable step–size constant modulus algorithm employing fuzzy logic controller”, Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 237–250, 2009.10.1007/s11277-009-9723-2 Search in Google Scholar

[31] M. Yan, W. Jin–kuan, and Z. Jun, “A linearly constrained LSCM algorithm based on subspace”, Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 49–52, 2009. Search in Google Scholar

[32] B. Agee, “The least–squares CMA: A new technique for rapid correction of constant modulus signals”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 953–956, 1986. Search in Google Scholar

[33] X. Jiyao and F. Hongliang, “An improved constant modulus beam–forming algorithm”, Communications Technology, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 181–191, 2008. Search in Google Scholar

[34] X. Rui, Research on adaptive beamforming algorithm of smart antenna, Doctoral Dissertation: North China Electric Power University. Search in Google Scholar

[35] N. Li, Y. Guo, and S.–R. Zheng, “Preprocessing LS–CMA in highly corruptive environment”, Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA, vol. 5, pp. 37–40, 2001. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Tang Ling, Research on smart antenna beamforming technology, Doctoral Dissertation: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007 DOI:10.7666/d.y1131389. Search in Google Scholar

[37] Y. Guo, D. Fang, T. N. C. Wang, and C. Liang, “A preprocessing LS–CMA in highly corruptive environment”, Journal of Electronics (China), vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 248–254, 2002.10.1007/s11767-002-0045-8 Search in Google Scholar

[38] X. Mestre and M. A. Lagunas, “Finite sample size effect on minimum variance beamformers: optimum diagonal loading factor for large arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 69–82, 2006.10.1109/TSP.2005.861052 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Z. Hao, X. Qian, Y. Qingkun, and F. Linfeng, “Model–switched beamformer with large dynamic range”, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, pp. 625259, 2014.10.1155/2014/625259 Search in Google Scholar