Open Access

A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels

Er-Te Zheng
Er-Te Zheng
 and 
Hui-Zhen Fu
Hui-Zhen Fu
   | May 27, 2024
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Article Category: Research Papers
Published Online: May 27, 2024
Page range: 22 - 40
Received: Aug 20, 2023
Accepted: Feb 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2024-0010
Keywords
© 2024 Er-Te Zheng et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Trends of number of retracted publications (a) and retraction rate of different OA levels (b). The horizontal axis is the publication year.
Trends of number of retracted publications (a) and retraction rate of different OA levels (b). The horizontal axis is the publication year.

Figure 2.

Average retraction rate of different OA levels. Note: *p = 0.05; **p = 0.01; ***p=0.001; the same below.
Average retraction rate of different OA levels. Note: *p = 0.05; **p = 0.01; ***p=0.001; the same below.

Figure 3.

Retraction rate of reasons for retraction across different OA levels.
Retraction rate of reasons for retraction across different OA levels.

Figure 4.

Retraction time lag (a) and survival rate curve (b) of different OA levels.
Retraction time lag (a) and survival rate curve (b) of different OA levels.

Figure 5.

Survival rate curve of different reasons for retraction.
Survival rate curve of different reasons for retraction.

Figure A1.

Proportion of retracted publications in different JIF quartiles.
Proportion of retracted publications in different JIF quartiles.

Figure A2.

Retraction time lag (a) and survival rate curve (b) of different OA levels (Q1 articles).
Retraction time lag (a) and survival rate curve (b) of different OA levels (Q1 articles).

Category of reasons for retraction.

Major reason Original reasons identified by Retraction Watch database
Error and concern Error in image/data/text/results and/or conclusions/methods/materials (general)/ cell lines/tissues/analyses; Concerns/issues about image/data/results/referencing/ attributions; Contamination of reagents/materials (general)/cell lines/tissues; Unreliable data/image/results; Results not reproducible
Plagiarism Plagiarism of text/image/data/article; Euphemisms for plagiarism
Self-plagiarism Self-plagiarism of text/image/data/article; Euphemisms for self-plagiarism; Salami slicing
Falsification and manipulation Falsification/fabrication of results/image/data; Manipulation of results/images; Hoax publication; Paper mill; Fake peer review; Sabotage of materials/methods
Authorship issues Forged authorship; Concerns/Issues about authorship
Ethical issues Legal reasons/legal threats; Civil/criminal proceedings; Ethical violations; Lack of ethical approval; informed/patient consent-none/retracted; Infringement of patient privacy; Lack of balance/bias issues; Conflict of interest; Copyright claims
Others Other reasons for retraction
Not available/ lack of information

The proportion and retraction time lag of different reasons for retraction.

Reasons for retraction % of reasons of retraction
Gold OA Green OA non-OA Total Retraction time lag (year)
Self-plagiarism 25% 21% 23% 23% 3.75
Falsification and manipulation 16% 25% 19% 18% 3.67
Ethical issues 8% 6% 8% 8% 2.92
Error and concern 36% 42% 32% 34% 2.90
Authorship issues 5% 1% 6% 5% 2.44
Plagiarism 10% 5% 13% 12% 2.40
eISSN:
2543-683X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Computer Sciences, Information Technology, Project Management, Databases and Data Mining
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