About this article
Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Nov 22, 2018
Page range: 43 - 80
Received: Sep 05, 2018
Accepted: Oct 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2018-0014
Keywords
© 2018 Csomós György, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
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Most productive scientific disciplines in highly cited articles.
| The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the most efficient cities | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the least efficient cities | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Science, Technology, and Other Topics | 91 | Science, Technology, and Other | 74 |
| Topics | ||||
| 2 | Physics | 69 | Chemistry | 66 |
| 3 | General Internal Medicine | 69 | Physics | 56 |
| 4 | Astronomy and Astrophysics | 54 | Engineering | 54 |
| 5 | Oncology | 42 | General Internal Medicine | 37 |
| 6 | Chemistry | 28 | Materials Science | 37 |
| 7 | Cardiovascular System and Cardiology | 21 | Astronomy and Astrophysics | 25 |
| 8 | Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | 18 | Environmental Sciences and Ecology | 20 |
| 9 | Environmental Sciences and Ecology | 15 | Oncology | 20 |
| 10 | Neurosciences and Neurology | 14 | Mathematics | 17 |
j.jdis-2018-0014.tab.009.w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2b1b1Aa
| Rank | Country | City | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tunisia | Sfax | 0.132 |
| 2 | Russia | Yekaterinburg | 0.161 |
| 3 | South Korea | Cheonan | 0.260 |
| 4 | Iran | Shiraz | 0.268 |
| 5 | Romania | Iași | 0.273 |
| 6 | India | Kharagpur | 0.283 |
| 7 | China | Mianyang | 0.325 |
| 8 | Poland | Lublin | 0.333 |
| 9 | Brazil | São Carlos | 0.333 |
| 10 | China | Wenzhou | 0.348 |
| 11 | India | Varanasi | 0.399 |
| 12 | China | Shijiazhuang | 0.416 |
| 13 | South Korea | Cheongju | 0.424 |
| 14 | Japan | Gifu | 0.436 |
| 15 | Iran | Tabriz | 0.444 |
| 16 | Chile | Concepción | 0.452 |
| 17 | Brazil | Curitiba | 0.454 |
| 18 | Japan | Kumamoto | 0.456 |
| 19 | Malaysia | Serdang | 0.462 |
| 20 | Tunisia | Tunis | 0.484 |
| 21 | Egypt | Giza | 0.487 |
| 22 | China | Nantong | 0.494 |
| 23 | Israel | Beer-Sheva | 0.501 |
| 24 | Japan | Ibaraki | 0.503 |
| 25 | India | Kanpur | 0.513 |
| 26 | China | Baoding | 0.516 |
| 27 | Turkey | Konya | 0.535 |
| 28 | South Korea | Busan | 0.537 |
| 29 | Iran | Tehran | 0.550 |
| 30 | China | Shenyang | 0.551 |
| 31 | Egypt | Alexandria | 0.552 |
| 32 | Japan | Niigata | 0.556 |
| 33 | France | Villeneuve-d’Ascq | 0.562 |
| 34 | Spain | Alicante | 0.563 |
| 35 | South Korea | Gwangju | 0.563 |
| 36 | South Korea | Jeonju | 0.566 |
| 37 | Brazil | Fortaleza | 0.567 |
| 38 | Poland | Poznań | 0.568 |
| 39 | Brazil | Viçosa | 0.576 |
| 40 | Turkey | Izmir | 0.587 |
| 41 | India | Lucknow | 0.587 |
| 42 | Portugal | Aveiro | 0.587 |
| 43 | China | Zhengzhou | 0.588 |
| 44 | China | Guilin | 0.594 |
| 45 | China | Yantai | 0.595 |
| 46 | South Korea | Daejeon | 0.596 |
| 47 | Brazil | Belo Horizonte | 0.601 |
| 48 | India | Kolkata | 0.606 |
| 49 | China | Ürümqi | 0.613 |
| 50 | India | Chennai | 0.617 |
| 51 | Japan | Shizuoka | 0.626 |
| 52 | China | Nanning | 0.632 |
| 53 | India | Hyderabad | 0.632 |
| 54 | Japan | Saitama | 0.634 |
| 55 | Japan | Kawasaki | 0.649 |
| 56 | Brazil | Recife | 0.654 |
| 57 | Italy | Messina | 0.661 |
| 58 | Egypt | Cairo | 0.670 |
| 59 | Turkey | Istanbul | 0.673 |
| 60 | China | Changzhou | 0.682 |
| 61 | South Korea | Yongin | 0.682 |
| 62 | China | Kunming | 0.689 |
| 63 | Pakistan | Lahore | 0.690 |
| 64 | Japan | Sapporo | 0.695 |
| 65 | Argentina | Córdoba | 0.720 |
| 66 | Japan | Kanazawa | 0.732 |
| 67 | Poland | Gdańsk | 0.736 |
| 68 | Poland | Wrocław | 0.736 |
| 69 | China | Qingdao | 0.737 |
| 70 | Ukraine | Kiev | 0.749 |
| 71 | China | Jinan | 0.749 |
| 72 | China | Xinxiang | 0.754 |
| 73 | India | New Delhi | 0.755 |
| 74 | Poland | Łódź | 0.756 |
| 75 | China | Ningbo | 0.758 |
| 76 | India | Bangalore | 0.783 |
| 77 | South Korea | Jinju | 0.783 |
| 78 | Turkey | Ankara | 0.791 |
| 79 | Japan | Chiba | 0.796 |
| 80 | Japan | Sagamihara | 0.798 |
| 81 | South Africa | Pretoria | 0.801 |
| 82 | Russia | Novosibirsk | 0.804 |
| 83 | South Korea | Goyang | 0.804 |
| 84 | South Korea | Daegu | 0.806 |
| 85 | South Korea | Seoul | 0.807 |
| 86 | China | Nanchang | 0.809 |
| 87 | China | Taiyuan | 0.810 |
| 88 | China | Guiyang | 0.813 |
| 89 | India | Roorkee | 0.829 |
| 90 | Russia | Moscow | 0.836 |
| 91 | China | Wuxi | 0.840 |
| 92 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 0.844 |
| 93 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 0.855 |
| 94 | Russia | Saint Petersburg | 0.856 |
| 95 | India | Mumbai | 0.865 |
| 96 | Japan | Sendai | 0.865 |
| 97 | UK | Loughborough | 0.868 |
| 98 | China | Xuzhou | 0.869 |
| 99 | Brazil | Campinas | 0.884 |
| 100 | Poland | Kraków | 0.891 |
Top collaborators* in the case of the highly cited articles.
| Top collaborators of the most efficient non-US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | Top collaborators of the most efficient US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 position in percentage | Top collaborators of the least efficient cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA | 100.00 | England | 100.00 | USA | 98.00 |
| 2 | Germany | 89.58 | Germany | 98.08 | Germany | 72.00 |
| 3 | France | 79.17 | France | 88.46 | England | 70.00 |
| 4 | England | 77.08 | Canada | 86.54 | France | 43.00 |
| 5 | Italy | 50.00 | Australia | 36.54 | Australia | 34.00 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 22.92 | Italy | 34.62 | China | 29.00 |
| 7 | Spain | 18.75 | China | 21.15 | Italy | 29.00 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 16.67 | Spain | 9.62 | Spain | 26.00 |
| 9 | Australia | 14.58 | Netherlands | 9.62 | Canada | 25.00 |
| 10 | Canada | 12.50 | Switzerland | 7.69 | Japan | 13.00 |
Number of cities and their mean publishing efficiencies by region and sub-region*.
| Regions/Sub-regions | Number of cities | Percentage in the dataset | Cities’ mean efficiency publishing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 11 | 1.99 | 1.306 |
| Asia | 131 | 23.65 | 1.009 |
| Eastern Asia | 88 | 15.88 | 0.950 |
| Southern Asia | 24 | 4.33 | 0.876 |
| Western Asia | 14 | 2.53 | 1.521 |
| Europe | 230 | 41.52 | 1.948 |
| Eastern Europe | 4.51 | ||
| Northern Europe | 60 | 10.83 | 2.260 |
| Southern Europe | 54 | 9.75 | 1.673 |
| Western Europe | 91 | 16.43 | 2.168 |
| Latin America | 21 | 3.79 | 0.952 |
| Northern America | 145 | 26.17 | 2.497 |
| Canada | 18 | 3.25 | 1.970 |
| USA | 127 | 22.92 | 2.572 |
| Australia/New Zealand | 16 | 2.89 | 1.918 |
| World | 554 | 1.818 |
Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of highly cities articles between 2014 and 2016.
| Rank | Country | City | Number of highly cited articles (2014-2016) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | Beijing | 2650 |
| 2 | USA | Boston, MA | 2387 |
| 3 | England | London | 2337 |
| 4 | USA | New York, NY | 2237 |
| 5 | USA | Cambridge, MA | 1827 |
| 6 | France | Paris | 1601 |
| 7 | China | Shanghai | 1208 |
| 8 | USA | Seattle, WA | 1191 |
| 9 | USA | Los Angeles, CA | 1142 |
| 10 | England | Oxford | 1083 |
| 11 | USA | Stanford, CA | 1058 |
| 12 | USA | Philadelphia, PA | 1050 |
| 13 | USA | Baltimore, MD | 1047 |
| 14 | Canada | Toronto, ON | 1024 |
| 15 | USA | Chicago, IL | 991 |
| 16 | USA | Atlanta, GA | 971 |
| 17 | USA | Houston, TX | 964 |
| 18 | Spain | Barcelona | 920 |
| 19 | USA | Berkeley, CA | 911 |
| 20 | USA | San Francisco, CA | 910 |
| 21 | England | Cambridge | 885 |
| 22 | Singapore | Singapore | 871 |
| 23 | China | Nanjing | 866 |
| 24 | USA | Bethesda, MD | 825 |
| 25 | Netherlands | Amsterdam | 806 |
| 26 | Spain | Madrid | 772 |
| 27 | USA | Ann Arbor, MI | 765 |
| 28 | Germany | Munich | 764 |
| 29 | Japan | Tokyo | 734 |
| 30 | Switzerland | Zürich | 730 |
| 31 | Denmark | Copenhagen | 729 |
| 32 | Australia | Sydney, NSW | 723 |
| 33 | China | Hong Kong | 720 |
| 34 | Sweden | Stockholm | 708 |
| 35 | South Korea | Seoul | 698 |
| 36 | Germany | Berlin | 678 |
| 37 | USA | Washington, DC | 674 |
| 38 | USA | Durham, NC | 660 |
| 39 | USA | New Haven, CT | 659 |
| 40 | Canada | Montreal, PQ | 656 |
| 41 | Australia | Melbourne, VIC | 643 |
| 42 | China | Wuhan | 637 |
| 43 | Germany | Heidelberg | 627 |
| 44 | Canada | Vancouver, BC | 615 |
| 45 | USA | Pittsburgh, PA | 588 |
| 46 | USA | Princeton, NJ | 587 |
| 47 | China | Guangzhou | 552 |
| 48 | Switzerland | Geneva | 534 |
| 49 | Saudi Arabia | Jeddah | 532 |
| 50 | USA | St. Louis, MO | 511 |
Most productive scientific disciplines in all articles.
| The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the most efficient cities | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the least efficient cities | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Science, Technology, and Other Topics | 84.00 | Chemistry | 99.00 |
| 2 | Physics | 63.00 | Engineering | 85.00 |
| 3 | Neurosciences and Neurology | 47.00 | Physics | 84.00 |
| 4 | Chemistry | 45.00 | Materials Science | 80.00 |
| 5 | Engineering | 41.00 | Science, Technology, and Other | 54.00 |
| Topics | ||||
| 6 | Astronomy and Astrophysics | 38.00 | Mathematics | 15.00 |
| 7 | Oncology | 29.00 | Environmental Sciences and | 12.00 |
| Ecology | ||||
| 8 | Environmental Sciences and Ecology | 21.00 | Oncology | 12.00 |
| 9 | Psychology | 20.00 | Pharmacology and Pharmacy | 11.00 |
| 10 | Materials Science | 16.00 | Agriculture | 7.00 |
Top collaborators* in the case of all articles.
| Top collaborators of the most efficient non-US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | Top collaborators of the most efficient US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 position in percentage | Top collaborators of the least efficient cities occurring in the 1–5 positions | Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA | 100.00 | Germany | 98.11 | USA | 98.00 |
| 2 | Germany | 87.50 | England | 98.11 | Germany | 78.00 |
| 3 | England | 75.00 | China | 94.34 | England | 69.00 |
| 4 | France | 75.00 | Canada | 84.91 | France | 39.00 |
| 5 | Italy | 52.08 | France | 66.04 | China | 31.00 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 27.08 | Australia | 15.09 | Australia | 30.00 |
| 7 | Australia | 18.75 | Italy | 15.09 | Japan | 25.00 |
| 8 | Spain | 18.75 | Japan | 5.66 | Canada | 23.00 |
| 9 | China | 16.67 | Netherlands | 5.66 | Italy | 23.00 |
| 10 | Scotland | 8.33 | South Korea | 5.66 | South Korea | 18.00 |
j.jdis-2018-0014.tab.008.w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2ab1aAa
| Rank | Country | City | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | France | Villejuif | 6.174 |
| 2 | USA | Menlo Park, CA | 5.676 |
| 3 | USA | Princeton, NJ | 4.978 |
| 4 | USA | Cambridge, MA | 4.670 |
| 5 | USA | Stanford, CA | 4.658 |
| 6 | Saudi Arabia | Jeddah | 4.541 |
| 7 | USA | Santa Cruz, CA | 4.430 |
| 8 | USA | Pasadena, CA | 4.400 |
| 9 | USA | San Francisco, CA | 3.993 |
| 10 | USA | Berkeley, CA | 3.932 |
| 11 | USA | Upton, NY | 3.920 |
| 12 | USA | Bethesda, MD | 3.912 |
| 13 | USA | Seattle, WA | 3.870 |
| 14 | USA | Rochester, MN | 3.830 |
| 15 | USA | Santa Barbara, CA | 3.778 |
| 16 | USA | Boston, MA | 3.742 |
| 17 | USA | Greenbelt, MD | 3.679 |
| 18 | USA | Rockville, MD | 3.667 |
| 19 | USA | Richland, WA | 3.618 |
| 20 | Switzerland | Geneva | 3.566 |
| 21 | USA | New Haven, CT | 3.565 |
| 22 | UK | Oxford | 3.427 |
| 23 | USA | Durham, NC | 3.400 |
| 24 | USA | Evanston, IL | 3.388 |
| 25 | UK | Didcot | 3.366 |
| 26 | USA | Boulder, CO | 3.288 |
| 27 | USA | Dallas, TX | 3.272 |
| 28 | USA | New York, NY | 3.262 |
| 29 | Italy | Perugia | 3.219 |
| 30 | USA | Riverside, CA | 3.201 |
| 31 | Germany | Heidelberg | 3.177 |
| 32 | UK | Cambridge | 3.171 |
| 33 | UK | Brighton | 3.162 |
| 34 | USA | Nashville, TN | 3.122 |
| 35 | France | Créteil | 3.111 |
| 36 | Israel | Rehovot | 3.096 |
| 37 | USA | Portland, OR | 3.091 |
| 38 | USA | Palo Alto, CA | 3.080 |
| 39 | Switzerland | Basel | 3.050 |
| 40 | Italy | Trieste | 3.036 |
| 41 | USA | St. Louis, MO | 3.029 |
| 42 | Netherlands | Rotterdam | 3.028 |
| 43 | Canada | Vancouver, BC | 3.024 |
| 44 | UK | Norwich | 3.006 |
| 45 | USA | Aurora, CO | 3.004 |
| 46 | USA | Atlanta, GA | 2.982 |
| 47 | UK | Lancaster | 2.976 |
| 48 | Netherlands | Nijmegen | 2.963 |
| 49 | USA | San Antonio, TX | 2.961 |
| 50 | France | Gif-sur-Yvette | 2.955 |
| 51 | USA | Los Angeles, CA | 2.948 |
| 52 | USA | Chapel Hill, NC | 2.937 |
| 53 | Canada | Victoria, BC | 2.924 |
| 54 | UK | Dundee | 2.916 |
| 55 | USA | Philadelphia, PA | 2.907 |
| 56 | UK | Leicester | 2.906 |
| 57 | UK | Edinburgh | 2.898 |
| 58 | USA | Research Triangle Park, NC | 2.897 |
| 59 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2.896 |
| 60 | Netherlands | Wageningen | 2.886 |
| 61 | Germany | Garching bei München | 2.877 |
| 62 | USA | Baltimore, MD | 2.866 |
| 63 | Switzerland | Lausanne | 2.866 |
| 64 | Denmark | Copenhagen | 2.855 |
| 65 | USA | Rochester, NY | 2.852 |
| 66 | USA | Houston, TX | 2.846 |
| 67 | Estonia | Tartu | 2.842 |
| 68 | USA | Providence, RI | 2.840 |
| 69 | USA | Denver, CO | 2.837 |
| 70 | USA | Birmingham, AL | 2.826 |
| 71 | South Africa | Durban | 2.818 |
| 72 | France | Clermont-Ferrand | 2.802 |
| 73 | USA | Ann Arbor, MI | 2.800 |
| 74 | Italy | Ferrara | 2.797 |
| 75 | USA | Cleveland, OH | 2.788 |
| 76 | Canada | Hamilton, ON | 2.768 |
| 77 | UK | Southampton | 2.758 |
| 78 | UK | Cardiff | 2.738 |
| 79 | UK | Exeter | 2.738 |
| 80 | USA | San Diego, CA | 2.734 |
| 81 | USA | Hanover, NH | 2.715 |
| 82 | Germany | Mainz | 2.714 |
| 83 | USA | Gaithersburg, MD | 2.691 |
| 84 | USA | Worcester, MA | 2.687 |
| 85 | Switzerland | Villigen | 2.686 |
| 86 | UK | Birmingham | 2.685 |
| 87 | Denmark | Lyngby | 2.684 |
| 88 | Germany | Bonn | 2.678 |
| 89 | Canada | Toronto, ON | 2.660 |
| 90 | UK | Newcastle | 2.658 |
| 91 | Switzerland | Bern | 2.657 |
| 92 | USA | Amherst, MA | 2.652 |
| 93 | USA | Eugene, OR | 2.650 |
| 94 | Netherlands | Amsterdam | 2.643 |
| 95 | USA | Chicago, IL | 2.638 |
| 96 | Germany | Essen | 2.627 |
| 97 | Belgium | Brussels | 2.614 |
| 98 | Italy | Pavia | 2.611 |
| 99 | USA | Winston-Salem, NC | 2.594 |
| 100 | USA | Tallahassee, FL | 2.591 |
Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of articles between 2014 and 2016.
| Rank | Country | City | Total number of articles (2014-2016) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | Beijing | 201260 |
| 2 | China | Shanghai | 98227 |
| 3 | England | London | 92453 |
| 4 | South Korea | Seoul | 86447 |
| 5 | Japan | Tokyo | 77440 |
| 6 | France | Paris | 75033 |
| 7 | China | Nanjing | 70320 |
| 8 | USA | New York, NY | 68577 |
| 9 | USA | Boston, MA | 63789 |
| 10 | China | Guangzhou | 51922 |
| 11 | China | Wuhan | 50343 |
| 12 | Russia | Moscow | 47871 |
| 13 | Spain | Madrid | 47061 |
| 14 | Iran | Tehran | 46173 |
| 15 | China | Xi’an | 44052 |
| 16 | Spain | Barcelona | 40393 |
| 17 | Brazil | São Paulo | 39916 |
| 18 | USA | Cambridge, MA | 39121 |
| 19 | China | Hong Kong | 39032 |
| 20 | China | Hangzhou | 39029 |
| 21 | USA | Los Angeles, CA | 38740 |
| 22 | Canada | Toronto, ON | 38497 |
| 23 | Australia | Sydney, NSW | 37676 |
| 24 | USA | Chicago, IL | 37560 |
| 25 | Singapore | Singapore | 37523 |
| 26 | USA | Baltimore, MD | 36528 |
| 27 | Germany | Berlin | 36509 |
| 28 | USA | Philadelphia, PA | 36117 |
| 29 | China | Chengdu | 36032 |
| 30 | USA | Houston, TX | 33869 |
| 31 | USA | Atlanta, GA | 32564 |
| 32 | Canada | Montreal, PQ | 31820 |
| 33 | China | Tianjin | 31764 |
| 34 | England | Oxford | 31605 |
| 35 | Germany | Munich | 30886 |
| 36 | USA | Seattle, WA | 30779 |
| 37 | Netherlands | Amsterdam | 30498 |
| 38 | USA | Washington, DC | 29986 |
| 39 | Switzerland | Zürich | 29242 |
| 40 | Australia | Melbourne, VIC | 29198 |
| 41 | Sweden | Stockholm | 28599 |
| 42 | England | Cambridge | 27907 |
| 43 | China | Changsha | 27442 |
| 44 | USA | Ann Arbor, MI | 27322 |
| 45 | Japan | Osaka | 26594 |
| 46 | China | Jinan | 26557 |
| 47 | China | Harbin | 26386 |
| 48 | Denmark | Copenhagen | 25538 |
| 49 | Italy | Rome | 25378 |
| 50 | China | Hefei | 24911 |