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First Record of Ascosphaera apis Isolated from Commercial Pollen from Northern Argentinian Provinces

Marcos R. Tejerina

Marcos R. Tejerina

Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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Tejerina, Marcos R.
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Marcelo R. Benitez-Ahrendts

Marcelo R. Benitez-Ahrendts

Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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Benitez-Ahrendts, Marcelo R.
  
Jun 24, 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Jun 24, 2021
Page range: 147 - 161
Received: Jul 16, 2020
Accepted: Feb 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0007
Keywords
© 2021 Marcos R. Tejerina et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Distribution of pollen samples collected from apiaries in Argentinian provinces. The yellow triangles denote the isolated samples of A. apis, while the green triangles denote the provinces where the samplings were carried out but the fungus A. apis was not isolated.
Distribution of pollen samples collected from apiaries in Argentinian provinces. The yellow triangles denote the isolated samples of A. apis, while the green triangles denote the provinces where the samplings were carried out but the fungus A. apis was not isolated.

Fig. 2

Macroscopic and microscopic observation in MY20 culture medium.A) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PMIS (Misiones), sporocyst observed at 100X and mummified larvae observed at 10X.B) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PJUY (Jujuy), sporocyst observed at 100X and mummified larvae observed at 10X.C) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PER (Entre Ríos), sporocyst observed at 40X and mummified larvae observed at 10X (without sporocyst).
Macroscopic and microscopic observation in MY20 culture medium.A) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PMIS (Misiones), sporocyst observed at 100X and mummified larvae observed at 10X.B) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PJUY (Jujuy), sporocyst observed at 100X and mummified larvae observed at 10X.C) Growth and sporulation of A. apis strain PER (Entre Ríos), sporocyst observed at 40X and mummified larvae observed at 10X (without sporocyst).

Fig. 3

Percentage of pollen containing A. apis.
Percentage of pollen containing A. apis.

Fig. 4

Phylogenetic relationship of A. apis strains. The tree was carried out using 1000 replications and bootstrap and jackknife parsimony. The numbers in parentheses correspond to the jackknife support.
Phylogenetic relationship of A. apis strains. The tree was carried out using 1000 replications and bootstrap and jackknife parsimony. The numbers in parentheses correspond to the jackknife support.

Fig. 5

Record of larvae mummied with A. apis. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Different letters represent differences between strains (p<0.05).
Record of larvae mummied with A. apis. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Different letters represent differences between strains (p<0.05).

Botanical origin associated with the three strains of Ascosphaera apis isolated from commercial pollen in Argentina

Pollen types Porcentage by provincie
Entre Ríos Jujuy Misiones
Amaranthaceae 8.87 6.42 12.05
Apiaceae 0.55 0.28 0
Caesalpiniaceae 0.92 0 0
Carduus 1.11 0 0.17
Fabaceae 0 1.4 0
Helianthus annuus 14.23 0 18.59
Juglans 0 0.56 0
Monocotyledoneae 0.74 0 1.55
Myrtaceae 0 97.6 0
Peltophorum dubium 0 1.96 0
Poaceae 0 0 0.34
Zea mays 2.22 1.4 1.38
Tithonia 0 5.31 0
Rapistrum 68.58 73.18 61.96
Salix 0 0 0.34
Sapium haematospermum 1.66 3.07 1.72
Senecio 0 3.91 0
Solanaceae 0.55 1.12 0.69
Taraxacum officinale 0.55 1.4 0.52

Macroscopic description of isolated Ascosphaera spp_ strains

Ascosphaera spp. strains Origins Sporocyst diameter (µm) Ascus diameter average (µm) Ascospores length average (µm)
A. apis PMis Misiones 60–75 9 1–2
A. apis PJuy Jujuy 65–70 9 1–2
A. apis PER Entre Ríos 60–70 8 1–2

Number of larvae mummies with A_ apis and no mummies_ Values are mean ± standard deviation

Strains Number of mummies Number of non-mummified larvae (Witness) Number of infected larvae (5×103 spores/mL) Number of infected larvae (5×106 spores/mL) Total number of capped cells
(5×103 spores/mL) (5×106 spores/mL) Without sporocyst
Misiones 0 30±7 3±3 100±40 138±1 127±29 43±6
Entre Ríos 0 10±1 2±2 112±2 128±12 83±9 28±11
Jujuy 1±1 23±3 5±1 102±32 134±10 85±43 54±8
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