The gender gap in academic productivity during the pandemic: Is childcare responsible?

Adams-Prassl, A., T. Boneva, M. Golin, and C. Rauh, “Inequality in the Impact of the Coronavirus Shock: Evidence from Real Time Surveys,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper, 2020. Adams-PrasslA. BonevaT. GolinM. RauhC. “Inequality in the Impact of the Coronavirus Shock: Evidence from Real Time Surveys,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Alon, T. M., M. Doepke, J. Olmstead-Rumsey, and M. Tertilt, “The Impact of Covid-19 on Gender Inequality,” CEPR Covid Economics – Vetted and Real-Time papers, 2020. AlonT. M. DoepkeM. Olmstead-RumseyJ. TertiltM. “The Impact of Covid-19 on Gender Inequality,” CEPR Covid Economics – Vetted and Real-Time papers 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Amano-Patiño, N., E Faraglia, C. Giannitsarou, and Z. Hasna, “The Unequal Effects of Covid-19 on Economists’ Research Productivity,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper WP2022, 2020. Amano-PatiñoN. FaragliaE GiannitsarouC. HasnaZ. “The Unequal Effects of Covid-19 on Economists’ Research Productivity,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper WP2022 2020 Search in Google Scholar

American Association of University Professors, “Statement of principles on family responsibilities and academic work,” Tech. Rep. no. 5, 2001. American Association of University Professors “Statement of principles on family responsibilities and academic work,” Tech. Rep. no. 5 2001 Search in Google Scholar

Angelici, M. and P. Profeta, “Smart-working: Work Flexibility Without Constraints,” mimeo, 2020. AngeliciM. ProfetaP. “Smart-working: Work Flexibility Without Constraints,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Armbruster, S. and V. Klotzbücher, “Lost in lockdown? Covid-19, social distancing, and mental health in Germany,” Covid Economics, CEPR, 2020, 22, 117–154. ArmbrusterS. KlotzbücherV. “Lost in lockdown? Covid-19, social distancing, and mental health in Germany,” Covid Economics, CEPR 2020 22 117 154 Search in Google Scholar

Arpino, B., V. Bordone, and M. Pasqualini, “Physically distant but socially close? Intergenerational relationships and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic,” mimeo, 2020. ArpinoB. BordoneV. PasqualiniM. “Physically distant but socially close? Intergenerational relationships and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Banks, J. and X. Xu, “The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK,” mimeo, 2020. BanksJ. XuX. “The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Bayer, A. and C. E. Rouse, “Diversity in the economics profession: A new attack on an old problem,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2016, pp. 221–42. BayerA. RouseC. E. “Diversity in the economics profession: A new attack on an old problem,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2016 221 42 Search in Google Scholar

Beck, D., “The COVID-19 pandemic and the research lab https://www.neuro-central.com/the-covid-19-pandemic-and-the-research-lab/,” 2020. BeckD. “The COVID-19 pandemic and the research lab https://www.neuro-central.com/the-covid-19-pandemic-and-the-research-lab/,” 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Bloom, N., J. Liang, J. Roberts, and Z. J. Ying, “Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment,” NBER Working Paper, 2015. BloomN. LiangJ. RobertsJ. YingZ. J. “Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment,” NBER Working Paper, 2015 Search in Google Scholar

Bloom, N., T. Kretschmer, and J. Van Reenen, “Work-life Balance, Management Practices and Productivity,” International Differences in the Business Practice and Productivity of Firms, University of Chicago Press, 2009. BloomN. KretschmerT. Van ReenenJ. “Work-life Balance, Management Practices and Productivity,” International Differences in the Business Practice and Productivity of Firms, University of Chicago Press 2009 Search in Google Scholar

Boring, A., “Gender biases in student evaluations of teachers,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2017, pp. 27–41. BoringA. “Gender biases in student evaluations of teachers,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2017 27 41 Search in Google Scholar

Brülhart, M. and Lalive; R., “Daily suffering Helpline calls during the Covid-19 crisis,” Covid Economics, CEPR, 2020, 19, 143–158. BrülhartM. LaliveR. “Daily suffering Helpline calls during the Covid-19 crisis,” Covid Economics, CEPR 2020 19 143 158 Search in Google Scholar

Card, D., S. DellaVigna, P. Funk, and N. Iriberri, “Gender Neutrality in Economics: The Role of Editors and Referee,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2019, 135 (1), 269–327. CardD. DellaVignaS. FunkP. IriberriN. “Gender Neutrality in Economics: The Role of Editors and Referee,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 2019 135 1 269 327 Search in Google Scholar

Carlson, D. L., R. Petts, and J. R Pepin, “US Couples’ Divisions of Housework and Childcare during COVID-19 Pandemic,” mimeo, 2020. CarlsonD. L. PettsR. PepinJ. R “US Couples’ Divisions of Housework and Childcare during COVID-19 Pandemic,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Del Boca, D., N. Oggero, P. Profeta, and M. C. Rossi, “Women's Work, Housework and Childcare, before and during COVID-19,” HCEO Working Paper Series, 2020. Del BocaD. OggeroN. ProfetaP. RossiM. C. “Women's Work, Housework and Childcare, before and during COVID-19,” HCEO Working Paper Series 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Deryugina, T., O. Shurchkov, and J. Stearns, “COVID-19 Disruptions Disproportionately Affect Female Academics,” AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2021, 111, 164–68. DeryuginaT. ShurchkovO. StearnsJ. “COVID-19 Disruptions Disproportionately Affect Female Academics,” AEA Papers and Proceedings 2021 111 164 68 Search in Google Scholar

Dolan, K. and J. Lawless, “It takes a submission: Gendered patterns in the pages of AJPS https://ajps.org/2020/04/20/it-takes-a-submission-gendered-patterns-in-the-pages-of-ajps/#comments,” 2020. DolanK. LawlessJ. “It takes a submission: Gendered patterns in the pages of AJPS https://ajps.org/2020/04/20/it-takes-a-submission-gendered-patterns-in-the-pages-of-ajps/#comments,” 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Ductor, L., S. Goyal, and A. Prummer, “Gender & collaboration,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper, 2018. DuctorL. GoyalS. PrummerA. “Gender & collaboration,” Cambridge-INET Working Paper 2018 Search in Google Scholar

Fox, M. F., C. Fonseca, and J. Bao, “Work and family conflict in academic science: Patterns and predictors among women and men in research universities,” Social Studies of Science, 2011, 41 (5), 715–735. FoxM. F. FonsecaC. BaoJ. “Work and family conflict in academic science: Patterns and predictors among women and men in research universities,” Social Studies of Science 2011 41 5 715 735 Search in Google Scholar

Fuchs-Schundeln, N., “Gender Structure of Paper Submissions at the Review of Economic Studies during COVID-19 - First Evidence,” mimeo, 2020. Fuchs-SchundelnN. “Gender Structure of Paper Submissions at the Review of Economic Studies during COVID-19 - First Evidence,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Ginther, D. K. and S. Kahn, “Women in Economics: Moving up or Falling off the Academic Career Ladder?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004, pp. 193–214. GintherD. K. KahnS. “Women in Economics: Moving up or Falling off the Academic Career Ladder?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2004 193 214 Search in Google Scholar

Ginther, D. K. and S. Kahn, “Academic women's careers in the social sciences,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014. GintherD. K. KahnS. “Academic women's careers in the social sciences,” Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2014 Search in Google Scholar

Goodman-Bacon, A. and J. Marcus, “Using Difference-in-Differences to Identify Causal Effects of COVID-19 Policies,” Survey Research Methods, 2020, 14 (2), 153–158. Goodman-BaconA. MarcusJ. “Using Difference-in-Differences to Identify Causal Effects of COVID-19 Policies,” Survey Research Methods 2020 14 2 153 158 Search in Google Scholar

Guarino, C. M. and V. M. Borden, “Faculty Service Loads and Gender: Are Women Taking Care of the Academic Family?,” Research in Higher Education, 2017, 58 (6), 672–694. GuarinoC. M. BordenV. M. “Faculty Service Loads and Gender: Are Women Taking Care of the Academic Family?,” Research in Higher Education 2017 58 6 672 694 Search in Google Scholar

Hengel, E., “Publishing while Female. Are women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review,” University of Cambridge, 2017. HengelE. “Publishing while Female. Are women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review,” University of Cambridge 2017 Search in Google Scholar

Hoynes, H., D. Miller, and J. Schaller, “Who Suffers During Recessions?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2012, pp. 27–48. HoynesH. MillerD. SchallerJ. “Who Suffers During Recessions?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2012 27 48 Search in Google Scholar

Hupkau, C. and B. Petrongolo, “Work, care and gender during the Covid-19 crisis,” CEP COVID-19 ANALYSIS, 2020. HupkauC. PetrongoloB. “Work, care and gender during the Covid-19 crisis,” CEP COVID-19 ANALYSIS 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Ioannidis, J. P. A., K. W. Boyack, and R. Klavans, “Estimates of the Continuously Publishing Core in the Scientific Workforce,” PLoS ONE, 2014. IoannidisJ. P. A. BoyackK. W. KlavansR. “Estimates of the Continuously Publishing Core in the Scientific Workforce,” PLoS ONE 2014 Search in Google Scholar

King, M. M. and M. E. Frederickson, “The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity,” mimeo, 2020. KingM. M. FredericksonM. E. “The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity,” mimeo 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Kitchener, C., “Women academics seem to be submitting fewer papers during coronavirus. never seen anything like it, says one editor https://www.thelily.com/women-academics-seem-to-be-submitting-fewer-papers-during-coronavirus-never-seen-anyt, 2020. KitchenerC. “Women academics seem to be submitting fewer papers during coronavirus. never seen anything like it, says one editor https://www.thelily.com/women-academics-seem-to-be-submitting-fewer-papers-during-coronavirus-never-seen-anyt 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Lundberg, S., “Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP),” AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2018, p. 704–21. LundbergS. “Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP),” AEA Papers and Proceedings 2018 704 21 Search in Google Scholar

Lundberg, S., “Women in Economics,” CEPR Press, VoxEU.org, 2020. LundbergS. “Women in Economics,” CEPR Press, VoxEU.org 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Lundberg, S. and J. Stearns, “Women in Economics: Stalled Progress,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2019, pp. 3–22. LundbergS. StearnsJ. “Women in Economics: Stalled Progress,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2019 3 22 Search in Google Scholar

Mengel, F., J. Sauermann, and U. Zolitz, “Gender Bias in Teaching Evaluations,” Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019, p. 535–566. MengelF. SauermannJ. ZolitzU. “Gender Bias in Teaching Evaluations,” Journal of the European Economic Association 2019 535 566 Search in Google Scholar

Minello, A., “The Pandemic and the Female Academic,” Nature, 2020. MinelloA. “The Pandemic and the Female Academic,” Nature 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Misra, J., J. H. Lundquist, and A. Templer, “Gender, Work Time, and Care Responsibilities Among Faculty,” Sociological Forum, 2012, 27 (2), 300–323. MisraJ. LundquistJ. H. TemplerA. “Gender, Work Time, and Care Responsibilities Among Faculty,” Sociological Forum 2012 27 2 300 323 Search in Google Scholar

Misra, J., J. H. Lundquist, E. Holmes, and S. Agiomavritis, “The Ivory Ceiling of Service Work,” Academe, 2011, 97 (1), 22–26. MisraJ. LundquistJ. H. HolmesE. AgiomavritisS. “The Ivory Ceiling of Service Work,” Academe 2011 97 1 22 26 Search in Google Scholar

Myers, K. R., W. Y. Tham, Y. Yin, N. Cohodes, J. G. Thursby, M. C. Thursby, and et al., “Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists,” Nature Human Behaviour, 2020. MyersK. R. ThamW. Y. YinY. CohodesN. ThursbyJ. G. ThursbyM. C. “Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists,” Nature Human Behaviour 2020 Search in Google Scholar

National Science Foundation, “Survey of Doctorate Recipients 2017,” Tech. Rep., 2019. National Science Foundation “Survey of Doctorate Recipients 2017,” Tech. Rep. 2019 Search in Google Scholar

Rasul, I., “Twitter post: https://twitter.com/ImranRasul3/status/1253570537026191361,” 2020. RasulI. “Twitter post: https://twitter.com/ImranRasul3/status/1253570537026191361,” 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Rubery, J. and A. Rafferty, “Women and recession revisited,” Employment and Society, 2013, pp. 414–432. RuberyJ. RaffertyA. “Women and recession revisited,” Employment and Society 2013 414 432 Search in Google Scholar

Sarsons, H., “Recognition for Group Work: Gender Differences in Academia,” American Economic Review, 2017, p. 141–45. SarsonsH. “Recognition for Group Work: Gender Differences in Academia,” American Economic Review 2017 141 45 Search in Google Scholar

Schiebinger, L. and S. K. Gilmartin, “Housework Is an Academic Issue: How to keep talented women scientists in the lab, where they belong,” Academe, 2010. SchiebingerL. GilmartinS. K. “Housework Is an Academic Issue: How to keep talented women scientists in the lab, where they belong,” Academe 2010 Search in Google Scholar

Shurkov, O., “Blog post https://medium.com/@olga.shurchkov/is-covid-19-turning-back-the-clock-on-gender-equality-in-academia-70c00d6b8ba1,” 2020. ShurkovO. “Blog post https://medium.com/@olga.shurchkov/is-covid-19-turning-back-the-clock-on-gender-equality-in-academia-70c00d6b8ba1,” 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Squazzoni, F., G. Bravo, F. Grimaldo, D. García-Costa, M. Farjam, and B. Mehmani, “Gender gap in journal submissions and peer review during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A study on 2329 Elsevier journals,” PloS one, 2021, 16 (10), e0257919. SquazzoniF. BravoG. GrimaldoF. García-CostaD. FarjamM. MehmaniB. “Gender gap in journal submissions and peer review during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A study on 2329 Elsevier journals,” PloS one 2021 16 10 e0257919 Search in Google Scholar

Stevenson, B. and H. Zlotnik, “Representations of Men and Women in Introductory Economics Textbooks,” AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2018, p. 180–85. StevensonB. ZlotnikH. “Representations of Men and Women in Introductory Economics Textbooks,” AEA Papers and Proceedings 2018 180 85 Search in Google Scholar

Tubadji, A., F. Boy, and D. Webber, “Narrative economics, public policy and mental health,” Covid Economics, CEPR, 2020, 20, 109–131. TubadjiA. BoyF. WebberD. “Narrative economics, public policy and mental health,” Covid Economics, CEPR 2020 20 109 131 Search in Google Scholar

Williams, W. M. and S. J. Ceci, “National Hiring Experiments Reveal 2: 1 Faculty Preference for Women on STEM Tenure Track,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015, p. 5360–5365. WilliamsW. M. CeciS. J. “National Hiring Experiments Reveal 2: 1 Faculty Preference for Women on STEM Tenure Track,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015 5360 5365 Search in Google Scholar

Woolston, C., “It's like we’re going back 30 years: how the coronavirus is gutting diversity in science,” Nature, 2020. WoolstonC. “It's like we’re going back 30 years: how the coronavirus is gutting diversity in science,” Nature 2020 Search in Google Scholar

Wu, A., “Gender Stereotype in Academia: Evidence from Economics Job Market Rumors Forum,” AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2018, p. 175–179. WuA. “Gender Stereotype in Academia: Evidence from Economics Job Market Rumors Forum,” AEA Papers and Proceedings 2018 175 179 Search in Google Scholar

Yamamura, E. and Y. Tsutsui, “Impact of the state of emergency declaration for Covid-19 on preventative behaviours and mental conditions in Japan: Difference-in-differences analysis using panel data,” Covid Economics, CEPR, 2020, 23, 303–324. YamamuraE. TsutsuiY. “Impact of the state of emergency declaration for Covid-19 on preventative behaviours and mental conditions in Japan: Difference-in-differences analysis using panel data,” Covid Economics, CEPR 2020 23 303 324 Search in Google Scholar