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Figure 1

Timing in the Setting with Exogenous Ability.
Timing in the Setting with Exogenous Ability.

Figure 2

Timing in the Setting with Endogenous Ability.
Timing in the Setting with Endogenous Ability.

The Effects of an SPP in Example 1.

θH θHθL \frac{{\boldsymbol {\theta _H}}}{{\boldsymbol {\theta _L}}} ϕH* {\boldsymbol {\phi _H^*}} ϕHS* {\boldsymbol {\phi _{HS}^*}} EUϕH* {\boldsymbol {EU\left( {\phi _H^*} \right)}} EUSϕHS* {\boldsymbol {E{U_S}\left( {\phi _{HS}^*} \right)}} EΠϕH* {\boldsymbol {E\Pi \left( {\phi _H^*} \right)}} EΠSϕHS* {\boldsymbol {E{\Pi _S}\left( {\phi _{HS}^*} \right)}}
0.30 1.2 0.200 0.213 0.0025 0.0026 1.12524 1.12521
0.35 1.4 0.258 0.328 0.0066 0.0078 1.12658 1.12670
0.40 1.6 0.264 0.392 0.0099 0.0131 1.1285 1.12971
0.45 1.8 0.257 0.438 0.0125 0.0180 1.13055 1.13402
0.50 2.0 0.246 0.478 0.0145 0.0227 1.13258 1.13959
0.55 2.2 0.235 0.517 0.0161 0.0272 1.13453 1.14644
0.60 2.4 0.225 0.557 0.0174 0.0316 1.13638 1.15467
0.65 2.6 0.215 0.599 0.0185 0.0361 1.13813 1.16437
0.70 2.8 0.206 0.644 0.0194 0.0406 1.13978 1.17565
0.75 3.0 0.198 0.692 0.0202 0.0453 1.14134 1.18858
0.80 3.2 0.190 0.743 0.0209 0.0502 1.14281 1.20322

Optimal Payments in the Setting of Example 1.

θH = 0.3 θH = 0.4 θH = 0.5 θH = 0.6 θH = 0.7 θH = 0.8
W_L {\boldsymbol {\underline W _L}} − 0.113 − 0.085 − 0.071 − 0.063 − 0.058 − 0.054
W¯L {\boldsymbol {\bar W_L}} 0.839 0.738 0.683 0.648 0.623 0.605
ΔL 0.952 0.823 0.754 0.711 0.681 0.659
W_H {\boldsymbol {\underline W _H}} − 0.127 − 0.149 − 0.179 − 0.212 − 0.246 − 0.280
W¯H {\boldsymbol {\bar W_H}} 0.873 0.851 0.821 0.788 0.754 0.720
ΔH 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
W_ {\boldsymbol {\underline W}} − 0.115 − 0.088 − 0.071 − 0.060 − 0.053 − 0.048
W¯ {\boldsymbol {\bar W}} 0.845 0.752 0.684 0.635 0.598 0.570
Δ 0.961 0.840 0.756 0.695 0.651 0.617

The Minimum θHθL \frac{{{\theta .H}}}{{{\theta .L}}} that Ensures Pareto Gains in Example 2.

k θHθL^ {\boldsymbol {\widehat {\frac{{{\theta _H}}}{{{\theta _L}}}}}} k θHθL^ {\boldsymbol {\widehat {\frac{{{\theta _H}}}{{{\theta _L}}}}}} k θHθL^ {\boldsymbol {\widehat {\frac{{{\theta _H}}}{{{\theta _L}}}}}}
0.10 1.34 0.25 1.56 1.0 2.18
0.15 1.44 0.50 1.88 2.0 2.72
0.20 1.52 0.75 2.00 5.0 3.68