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Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018

Caroline Krafft
Caroline Krafft
, 
Ragui Assaad
Ragui Assaad
 and 
Khandker Wahedur Rahman
Khandker Wahedur Rahman
   | Sep 24, 2021
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Published Online: Sep 24, 2021
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Accepted: Jun 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2021-0012
Keywords
© 2021 Caroline Krafft et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Labor market status, as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex and contemporaneous status for 2012, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.
Labor market status, as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex and contemporaneous status for 2012, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.

Figure 2

Labor market status, as reported contemporaneously for 2012 and as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.
Labor market status, as reported contemporaneously for 2012 and as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.

Figure 3

Comparison of household size (percentage of households), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Population Census 2017 Table 1–9 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of household size (percentage of households), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Population Census 2017 Table 1–9 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 4

Comparison of age distribution (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of age distribution (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 5

Comparison of age distribution, age in 2006 (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of age distribution, age in 2006 (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 6

Marital status (percentage of individuals aged ≥18 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–10 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Marital status (percentage of individuals aged ≥18 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–10 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 7

Educational attainment (percentage of individuals aged ≥10 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–3 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Educational attainment (percentage of individuals aged ≥10 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–3 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 8

Labor force participation rate (percentage), by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Labor force participation rate (percentage), by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 9

Labor force participation rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFP, labor force participation; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Labor force participation rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFP, labor force participation; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 10

Employment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Employment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 11

Employment rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Employment rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 12

Structure of employment in terms of industry (agriculture vs. non agriculture) and employment status (wage vs. non-wage), by sex and data source, employed, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Notes: Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Structure of employment in terms of industry (agriculture vs. non agriculture) and employment status (wage vs. non-wage), by sex and data source, employed, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Notes: Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 13

Structure of employment by industry, sex, and data source, employed, not in agriculture, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2009–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Note: Trade is “Wholesale and retail trade.” Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Structure of employment by industry, sex, and data source, employed, not in agriculture, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2009–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Note: Trade is “Wholesale and retail trade.” Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 14

Unemployment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Unemployment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 15

Unemployment rate (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.5. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Unemployment rate (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.5. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Type II attrition logit model: odds ratios for probability of attrition

Number of household members
No. of Children 0–5 in HH 0.088*** (0.047)
No. of Children 6–14 in HH 0.002*** (0.002)
No. of Males 15–64 in HH 0.009*** (0.007)
No. of Females 15–64 in HH 0.032*** (0.021)
No. of Males 65+ in HH 0.038** (0.047)
No. of Females 65+ in HH 0.007*** (0.009)
Governorate (Cairo (urban) omit.)
  Alex. # urban 0.210*** (0.053)
  Port-Said # urban 0.012*** (0.012)
  Suez # urban 0.028*** (0.015)
  Damietta # urban 0.050*** (0.032)
  Damietta # rural 0.083*** (0.034)
  Dakahlia # urban 0.069*** (0.027)
  Dakahlia # rural 0.053*** (0.016)
  Sharkia # urban 0.122*** (0.045)
  Sharkia # rural 0.100*** (0.028)
  Kalyoubia # urban 0.300** (0.111)
  Kalyoubia # rural 0.094*** (0.032)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # urban 0.049*** (0.026)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # rural 0.050*** (0.017)
  Gharbia # urban 0.172*** (0.058)
  Gharbia # rural 0.098*** (0.028)
  Menoufia # urban 0.072*** (0.032)
  Menoufia # rural 0.082*** (0.033)
  Behera # urban 0.086*** (0.036)
  Behera # rural 0.083*** (0.026)
  Ismailia # urban 0.123*** (0.043)
  Ismailia # rural 0.111*** (0.035)
  Giza # urban 0.245*** (0.071)
  Giza # rural 0.348*** (0.102)
  Beni-Suef # urban 0.086*** (0.034)
  Beni-Suef # rural 0.161*** (0.044)
  Fayoum # urban 0.015*** (0.011)
  Fayoum # rural 0.112*** (0.034)
  Menia # urban 0.072*** (0.028)
  Menia # rural 0.061*** (0.017)
  Asyout # urban 0.095*** (0.030)
  Asyout # rural 0.107*** (0.029)
  Suhag # urban 0.050*** (0.021)
  Suhag # rural 0.035*** (0.011)
  Qena # urban 0.106*** (0.040)
  Qena # rural 0.086*** (0.023)
  Aswan # urban 0.071*** (0.027)
  Aswan # rural 0.074*** (0.026)
  Luxor # urban 0.199* (0.146)
  Luxor # rural 0.125*** (0.069)
Housing type (own or benefit omit.)
  Old rent 1.036 (0.159)
  New rent 3.021** (1.190)
Head age (<15 omit.)
  15–24 0.075* (0.099)
  25–34 0.079 (0.104)
  35–44 0.115 (0.151)
  45+ 0.127 (0.171)
Head sex (male omit.)
  Female 0.269* (0.147)
Head marital stat. (married omit.)
  Single 0.122*** (0.033)
  Divorced/Widow(er) 0.293* (0.175)
Head marital stat. and sex int.
  Female # Single 1.640 (0.526)
  Female # Divorced/Widow(er) 0.837 (0.587)
Head education (illit. omit.)
  Reads & Writes 1.355 (0.350)
  Less than Intermediate 1.131 (0.193)
  Intermediate 1.142 (0.201)
  Above Intermediate 1.811 (0.590)
  University 1.498 (0.334)
Head labor mkt. status (Government employee omit.)
  Out of manpower 1.042 (0.832)
  Out of labor force 1.546 (0.377)
  Unemployed. 1.668 (0.444)
  Public enterp. 1.028 (0.498)
  Priv. formal wage 1.755 (0.526)
  Priv. inf. reg. wage 1.618 (0.432)
  Priv. irreg. wage 1.524 (0.432)
  Employer 1.612 (0.645)
  Self-emp./UFW ag. 0.677 (0.274)
  Self-emp./UFW non-ag. 1.203 (0.408)
Wealth quintile (poorest omit.)
  Second 1.278 (0.174)
  Third 1.122 (0.163)
  Fourth 1.436* (0.223)
  Richest 2.125*** (0.363)
Constant 7218.760*** (8790.485)
Pseudo R-sq. 0.223
N (households) 4598

Type I attrition logit model: odds ratios for probability of attrition

Number of household members
No. of Children 0–5 in HH 0.938 (0.037)
No. of Children 6–14 in HH 0.859*** (0.032)
No. of Males 15–64 in HH 0.833*** (0.040)
No. of Females 15–64 in HH 0.918 (0.045)
No. of Males 65+ in HH 0.595** (0.095)
No. of Females 65+ in HH 0.693** (0.090)
Single sex households (mixed sex omit.)
  All male 1.543 (0.454)
  All female 1.407* (0.209)
Governorate (Cairo (urban) omit.)
  Alex. # urban 1.811*** (0.197)
  Port-Said # urban 0.310** (0.114)
  Suez # urban 0.740 (0.156)
  Damietta # urban 0.654 (0.179)
  Damietta # rural 0.517*** (0.098)
  Dakahlia # urban 0.151*** (0.043)
  Dakahlia # rural 0.181*** (0.039)
  Sharkia # urban 0.628* (0.114)
  Sharkia # rural 0.225*** (0.047)
  Kalyoubia # urban 0.966 (0.168)
  Kalyoubia # rural 0.484*** (0.086)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # urban 0.414*** (0.101)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # rural 0.251*** (0.054)
  Gharbia # urban 0.830 (0.145)
  Gharbia # rural 0.219*** (0.048)
  Menoufia # urban 0.487** (0.117)
  Menoufia # rural 0.154*** (0.052)
  Behera # urban 0.287*** (0.074)
  Behera # rural 0.312*** (0.063)
  Ismailia # urban 0.658* (0.131)
  Ismailia # rural 0.223*** (0.052)
  Giza # urban 0.787 (0.123)
  Giza # rural 0.657* (0.117)
  Beni-Suef # urban 0.592** (0.117)
  Beni-Suef # rural 0.647* (0.118)
  Fayoum # urban 0.681 (0.135)
  Fayoum # rural 0.179*** (0.056)
  Menia # urban 0.314*** (0.079)
  Menia # rural 0.264*** (0.056)
  Asyout # urban 0.454*** (0.089)
  Asyout # rural 0.417*** (0.083)
  Suhag # urban 0.556** (0.114)
  Suhag # rural 0.137*** (0.036)
  Qena # urban 0.561* (0.128)
  Qena # rural 0.348*** (0.073)
  Aswan # urban 0.404*** (0.099)
  Aswan # rural 0.244*** (0.072)
  Luxur # urban 0.738 (0.266)
  Luxur # rural 0.427 (0.192)
Housing type (own or benefit omit.)
  Old rent 1.352*** (0.104)
  New rent 2.636*** (0.272)
Head age (<25 omit.)
  25–34 0.956 (0.145)
  35–44 1.012 (0.163)
  45–54 0.799 (0.138)
  55+ 0.642* (0.114)
Head sex (male omit.)
  Female 0.907 (0.160)
Head marital stat. (married omit.)
  Single 0.392** (0.141)
  Divorced 0.608 (0.265)
  Widow(er) 1.177 (0.306)
Head marital stat. and sex int.
  Female # Single 2.643 (1.384)
  Female # Divorced 2.210 (1.140)
  Female # Widow(er) 0.778 (0.246)
Head education (illit. omit.)
  Reads & Writes 1.049 (0.142)
  Less than Intermediate 1.037 (0.100)
  Intermediate 1.075 (0.100)
  Above Intermediate 0.936 (0.154)
  University 1.326* (0.146)
Head labor mkt. status (Government employee omit.)
  Out of manpower 1.589** (0.257)
  Out of labor force 0.974 (0.120)
  Unemployed. 0.848 (0.191)
  Public enterp. 1.133 (0.169)
  Priv. formal wage 1.018 (0.113)
  Priv. inf. reg. wage 1.065 (0.118)
  Priv. irreg. wage 0.872 (0.104)
  Employer 0.811 (0.096)
  Self-emp./UFW ag. 0.605 (0.181)
  Self-emp./UFW non-ag. 0.886 (0.111)
Wealth quintile (poorest omit.)
  Second 0.896 (0.090)
  Third 0.883 (0.092)
  Fourth 1.045 (0.111)
  Richest 1.176 (0.136)
Constant 0.564* (0.129)
Pseudo R-sq. 0.122
N (households) 11808

Status of 2012 households in 2018

Number Percentage
Initial households 12,060 100.0
Household located 10,042 83.3
Natural attrition 252 2.1
  Household died out 188 1.6
  Household left the country 64 0.5
Type I attrition 1,766 14.6
  Household refused 204 1.7
  Household found but not completed 291 2.4
  Household not found 1,271 10.5
Type I attrition rate 15.0

Status of individuals and split households in 2018, conditional on 2012 household being found

Number Percentage
Individuals present in 2012 in original households found in 2018 42,340 100.0
  Individuals still in original households in 2018 34,325 81.1
  Individuals no longer in original households in 2018 8,015 18.9
  Natural attrition through death and migration or leaving sample frame 2,171 5.1
  Individuals known to have died 1,497 3.5
  Individuals who emigrated or left for a gov. outside scope of survey 552 1.3
  Individuals who moved to group housing 122 0.3
  Individual splits to form households within Egypt 5,844 13.8
Potential split households (individuals who split together) 4,598
  Split households found 3,751 81.6
  Split households not found (attrited) 847 18.4
Type II attrition rate 18.4
  Individuals from 2012 in split households found 4,828 82.6
  Individuals from 2012 in split households not found (attrited) 1,016 17.4
Total individuals from 2012 who were found 39,153

Questionnaire modules

Household Individual

Statistical identification

Tracking splits

Individual roster

Housing information

Current migrants

Transfers from individuals

Other sources of income

Shocks and coping

Household non-farm activities

Agricultural assets: lands

Agricultural assets: livestock/poultry

Agricultural assets: equipment

Agriculture: crops

Other agricultural income

Statistical identification

Residential mobility

Father's characteristics

Mother's characteristics

Siblings

Health

Education

Past 7 days subsistence and domestic work

Employment in the past 7 days

Unemployment

Employment in the past 3 months

Characteristics of the main job

Secondary job

Labor market history

Marriage

Fertility

Female employment

Earnings

Earnings in secondary job

Return migration

Information technology

Savings and borrowing

Attitudes

Refresher sample clusters by governorate, urban/rural location, and poor vs. non-poor

Governorate Urban Rural Total
Poor Non-poor Total Poor Non-poor Total Poor Non-poor Total
Cairo 10 10 10 10
Alexandria 7 7 7 7
Port Said 1 1 1 1
Suez 1 1 1 1
Damietta 1 1 1 1 2 2
Dakhalia 5 5 4 3 7 4 8 12
Sharkia 4 4 3 3 7 7
Kalyoubia 4 4 4 1 5 4 5 9
Kafr-Elsheikh 1 1 1 1 2 2
Gharbia 2 2 2 2 4 4
Menoufia 1 1 4 2 6 4 3 7
Behera 2 2 14 2 16 14 4 18
Ismailia 1 1 1 1 2 2
Giza 7 7 8 2 10 8 9 17
Beni-Suef 1 1 6 1 7 6 2 8
Fayoum 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 4
Menia 1 1 2 3 5 2 4 6
Asyout 3 3 19 4 23 19 7 26
Suhag 2 2 19 4 23 19 6 25
Qena 2 2 15 5 20 15 7 22
Aswan 2 2 3 2 5 3 4 7
Luxor 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3
Total 60 60 100 40 140 100 100 200

Individuals present in various combinations of waves, 1998–2018

Waves present Number Percentage
In 1998 & 2006 & 2012 3,073 3.6
In 1998 & 2006 4,143 4.8
In 1998 only 6,636 7.7
In 2006 & 2012 2,796 3.2
In 2006 only 4,227 4.9
In 2012 only 4,164 4.8
In 1998 & 2006 & 2012 & 2018 10,145 11.8
In 2006 & 2012 & 2018 12,756 14.8
In 2012 & 2018 16,252 18.8
In 2018 only 22,078 25.6
Total 86,270 100.0
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