Working beyond the normal retirement age in urban China and urban Russia

Alexander, P.; A. Chan (2004): Does China have an Apartheid Pass System? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30(4), 609–629. AlexanderP. ChanA. 2004 Does China have an Apartheid Pass System? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30 4 609 629 10.1080/13691830410001699487 Search in Google Scholar

Alexeev, M.; S. Weber (2013): The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. AlexeevM. WeberS. 2013 The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy Oxford Oxford University Press 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759927.001.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Anxo, D.; T. Ericson; A. Herbert (2019): Beyond Retirement: Who Stays at Work after the Standard Age of Retirement. International Journal of Manpower 40(5), 917–938. AnxoD. EricsonT. HerbertA. 2019 Beyond Retirement: Who Stays at Work after the Standard Age of Retirement International Journal of Manpower 40 5 917 938 10.1108/IJM-09-2017-0243 Search in Google Scholar

Arnstein, A.; B. Arpino; A. Goisis (2012): Grandparenting and Mothers’ Labour Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis Using the Generations and Gender Survey. Demographic Research 27, 53–84. ArnsteinA. ArpinoB. GoisisA. 2012 Grandparenting and Mothers’ Labour Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis Using the Generations and Gender Survey Demographic Research 27 53 84 10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.3 Search in Google Scholar

Brandt, M. (2018): Carrot and Stick: How It was Possible to Raise the Retirement Age in Russia. Russia Analytic Digest No. 225, 2–9. https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/293825/2/RAD_225.pdf. BrandtM. 2018 Carrot and Stick: How It was Possible to Raise the Retirement Age in Russia Russia Analytic Digest No. 225, 2–9. https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/293825/2/RAD_225.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Cai, F.; J. Giles; X. Meng (2006): How Well Do Children Insure Parents against Low Retirement Income? An Analysis Using Survey Data from Urban China. Journal of Public Economics 90(12), 2229–2255. CaiF. GilesJ. MengX. 2006 How Well Do Children Insure Parents against Low Retirement Income? An Analysis Using Survey Data from Urban China Journal of Public Economics 90 12 2229 2255 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.03.004 Search in Google Scholar

Dingemans, E.; K. Henkens (2020): Job Strain in Working Retirees in Europe: A Latent Class Analysis. Aging & Society 40, 2014–2060. DingemansE. HenkensK. 2020 Job Strain in Working Retirees in Europe: A Latent Class Analysis Aging & Society 40 2014 2060 10.1017/S0144686X19000473 Search in Google Scholar

Dingemans, E.; K. Henkens; H. van Solinge (2017): Working Retirees in Europe: Individual and Societal Determinants. Work, Employment and Society 31(6), 972–991. DingemansE. HenkensK. van SolingeH. 2017 Working Retirees in Europe: Individual and Societal Determinants Work, Employment and Society 31 6 972 991 10.1177/0950017016664677 Search in Google Scholar

Du, F.; X. Dong; Y. Zhang, Y. (2019): Grandparent-provided Childcare and Labor Force Participation of Mothers with Preschool Children in Urban China. China Population and Development Studies 2(3), 347–368. DuF. DongX. ZhangY. Y. 2019 Grandparent-provided Childcare and Labor Force Participation of Mothers with Preschool Children in Urban China China Population and Development Studies 2 3 347 368 10.1007/s42379-018-00020-3 Search in Google Scholar

Eurostat (2019): Employment Rates by Sex, Age and Citizenship (%). https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do. Accessed 11 December 2019. Eurostat 2019 Employment Rates by Sex, Age and Citizenship (%) https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do. Accessed 11 December 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Federal State Statistic Service - Rosstat (2018): http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/level Federal State Statistic Service - Rosstat 2018 http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/level Search in Google Scholar

Feng J.; Q. Li; J. P. Smith (2020): Retirement Effect on Health Status and Health Behaviors in Urban China. World Development 126. 104702. FengJ. LiQ. SmithJ. P. 2020 Retirement Effect on Health Status and Health Behaviors in Urban China World Development 126 104702 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104702 Search in Google Scholar

Gerber, T. P.; J. Radl (2014): Pushed, Pulled, or Blocked? The Elderly and the Labor Market in Post-Soviet Russia. Social Science Research 45, 152–169. GerberT. P. RadlJ. 2014 Pushed, Pulled, or Blocked? The Elderly and the Labor Market in Post-Soviet Russia Social Science Research 45 152 169 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.12.006 Search in Google Scholar

Gilles, J.; Yan Shen; John Strauss; Yaohui Zhao (2012): The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior of China’s Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective, Chapter 6, in: Smith, J.; M. Majmunder (eds.), Ageing in Asia. Washington D.C.: National Academic Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109233/. GillesJ. ShenYan StraussJohn ZhaoYaohui 2012 The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior of China’s Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective, Chapter 6 in: SmithJ. MajmunderM. (eds.), Ageing in Asia Washington D.C. National Academic Press https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109233/. 10.1037/e600042012-001 Search in Google Scholar

Gustafsson, B.; S. Li; H. Sato (2014): Data for Studying Earnings, the Distribution of Household Income and Poverty in China. China Economic Review 30, 419–431. GustafssonB. LiS. SatoH. 2014 Data for Studying Earnings, the Distribution of Household Income and Poverty in China China Economic Review 30 419 431 10.1016/j.chieco.2014.05.012 Search in Google Scholar

Hsieh, N. (2015): Economic Security, Social Cohesion, and Depression Disparities in Post-transition Societies: A Comparison of Older Adults in China and Russia. Journal of Health & Social Behavior 56(4), 534. HsiehN. 2015 Economic Security, Social Cohesion, and Depression Disparities in Post-transition Societies: A Comparison of Older Adults in China and Russia Journal of Health & Social Behavior 56 4 534 10.1177/0022146515611731 Search in Google Scholar

Hurst, W.; K. O’Brien (2002): China’s Contentious Pensioners. China Quarterly 170, 345–360. HurstW. O’BrienK. 2002 China’s Contentious Pensioners China Quarterly 170 345 360 10.1017/S0009443902000220 Search in Google Scholar

Jiao, K. (2010): The Relationship between Widowhood, Mortality and Retirement among Chinese Elderly. Population Research 34(3), 64–76. (In Chinese) JiaoK. 2010 The Relationship between Widowhood, Mortality and Retirement among Chinese Elderly Population Research 34 3 64 76 (In Chinese) Search in Google Scholar

Jing, R.; A. Chou (2010): Workforce Participation among Older Adults in China: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions. China Journal of Social Work 3(2–3), 247–258. JingR. ChouA. 2010 Workforce Participation among Older Adults in China: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions China Journal of Social Work 3 2–3 247 258 10.1080/17525098.2010.492650 Search in Google Scholar

Kolev, A., A. Pascal (2002): What Keeps Pensioners at Work in Russia? Evidence from Household Panel Data. The Economics of Transition 10(1), 29–53. KolevA. PascalA. 2002 What Keeps Pensioners at Work in Russia? Evidence from Household Panel Data The Economics of Transition 10 1 29 53 10.1111/1468-0351.00102 Search in Google Scholar

Komp, K.; T. van Tilburg; M. Broese van Groenou (2010): Paid Work Between Age 60 and 70 years in Europé: A Matter of Socioeconomic Status? International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 5(1), 45–75. KompK. van TilburgT. Broese van GroenouM. 2010 Paid Work Between Age 60 and 70 years in Europé: A Matter of Socioeconomic Status? International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 5 1 45 75 10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.105145 Search in Google Scholar

Kovrova, I. (2007): Shaping a Pension System: Distributive and Incentive Effects of the Russian Pension Reforms. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Turin. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265148566_Shaping_a_Pension_System_Distributive_and_Incentive_Effects_of_the_Russian_Pension_Reforms/download. KovrovaI. 2007 Shaping a Pension System: Distributive and Incentive Effects of the Russian Pension Reforms Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Turin. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265148566_Shaping_a_Pension_System_Distributive_and_Incentive_Effects_of_the_Russian_Pension_Reforms/download. Search in Google Scholar

Kozyreva, P.; M. Kosolapov; B. M. Popkin (2016): Data Resource Profile: The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey-Phase II: Monitoring the Economic and Health Situation in Russia, 1994–2013. International Journal of Epidemiology 45(2), 395–401. KozyrevaP. KosolapovM. PopkinB. M. 2016 Data Resource Profile: The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey-Phase II: Monitoring the Economic and Health Situation in Russia, 1994–2013 International Journal of Epidemiology 45 2 395 401 10.1093/ije/dyv357 Search in Google Scholar

LaFave, D. (2016): Family Support and Elderly Well-being in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Ageing International 42, 142–158. LaFaveD. 2016 Family Support and Elderly Well-being in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Ageing International 42 142 158 10.1007/s12126-016-9268-0 Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Y.-J.; Z. Xiao (1998): Children’s Support for Elderly Parents in Urban and Rural China: Results from a National Survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 13(1), 39–62. LeeY.-J. XiaoZ. 1998 Children’s Support for Elderly Parents in Urban and Rural China: Results from a National Survey Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 13 1 39 62 10.1023/A:1006591608724 Search in Google Scholar

Levin, V. (2015): Promoting Active Aging in Russia: Working Longer and More Productive. Washington D.C.: The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/157901468190167727/pdf/99504-WPP143700-PUBLIC-Box393204B-Promoting-Active-Aging-in-Russia-final-cover.pdf. LevinV. 2015 Promoting Active Aging in Russia: Working Longer and More Productive Washington D.C. The World Bank http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/157901468190167727/pdf/99504-WPP143700-PUBLIC-Box393204B-Promoting-Active-Aging-in-Russia-final-cover.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Li, H.; X. Shi; B. Wu (2016): The Retirement Consumption Puzzle Revisited: Evidence from the Mandatory Retirement Policy in China. Journal of Comparative Economics 44, 623–637. LiH. ShiX. WuB. 2016 The Retirement Consumption Puzzle Revisited: Evidence from the Mandatory Retirement Policy in China Journal of Comparative Economics 44 623 637 10.1016/j.jce.2015.06.001 Search in Google Scholar

Li, Y.; Xu, L.; Chi, U; Guo, P (2013): Participation in Productive Activities and Health Outcomes among Older Adults in Urban China. The Gerontologist 54(5), 784–796. LiY. XuL. ChiU GuoP 2013 Participation in Productive Activities and Health Outcomes among Older Adults in Urban China The Gerontologist 54 5 784 796 10.1093/geront/gnt106 Search in Google Scholar

Ling, D. C.; I. Chi (2008): Determinants of Work among Older Adults in Urban China. Australasian Journal on Ageing 27, 126–133. LingD. C. ChiI. 2008 Determinants of Work among Older Adults in Urban China Australasian Journal on Ageing 27 126 133 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2008.00307.x Search in Google Scholar

Liu, F. (2013): Research on Urban Old People Re-employment Problems in the Background of Aging Population in China. Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University. (In Chinese). LiuF. 2013 Research on Urban Old People Re-employment Problems in the Background of Aging Population in China Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University. (In Chinese) Search in Google Scholar

Liu, T.; S. Li (2016): Pension Reform in China. Journal of Ageing & Social Policy 28(1), 15–28. LiuT. LiS. 2016 Pension Reform in China Journal of Ageing & Social Policy 28 1 15 28 10.1080/08959420.2016.1111725 Search in Google Scholar

Liu, H.; W. Q. Lou (2016): Patterns of Productive Activity Engagement among Older Adults in Urban China. European Journal of Ageing 13(4), 361–372. LiuH. LouW. Q. 2016 Patterns of Productive Activity Engagement among Older Adults in Urban China European Journal of Ageing 13 4 361 372 10.1007/s10433-016-0387-y Search in Google Scholar

Ma, X. (2018): Labor Market Segmentation by Industrial Sectors and Wage Gaps between Migrants and Local Labor Residents in Urban China. China Economic Review 47, 96–115. MaX. 2018 Labor Market Segmentation by Industrial Sectors and Wage Gaps between Migrants and Local Labor Residents in Urban China China Economic Review 47 96 115 10.1016/j.chieco.2017.11.007 Search in Google Scholar

Maestas, N.; J. Zissimopoulos (2010): How Longer Work Lives Ease the Crunch of Population Aging. Journal of Economic Perspectives 24(1), 139–160. MaestasN. ZissimopoulosJ. 2010 How Longer Work Lives Ease the Crunch of Population Aging Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 1 139 160 10.1257/jep.24.1.139 Search in Google Scholar

National Bureau of Statistics (2014): China Statistics Yearbook. Beijing, P.R. China. China Statistics Press. National Bureau of Statistics 2014 China Statistics Yearbook Beijing, P.R. China China Statistics Press Search in Google Scholar

Naughton, B. (2018): The Chinese Economy, Adaption and Growth, 2nd Edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. NaughtonB. 2018 The Chinese Economy, Adaption and Growth 2nd Edn Cambridge, MA MIT Press Search in Google Scholar

Niu, J. (2015): The Impact of Educational Attainment on Retirement Decision in China. Chinese Journal of Population Studies May, 58–67. (In Chinese) NiuJ. 2015 The Impact of Educational Attainment on Retirement Decision in China Chinese Journal of Population Studies May 58 67 (In Chinese) Search in Google Scholar

Nolan, A.; A. Barrett (2019): Working Beyond age 65 in Ireland. Journal of Population Ageing 12, 299–326. NolanA. BarrettA. 2019 Working Beyond age 65 in Ireland Journal of Population Ageing 12 299 326 10.1007/s12062-019-09249-3 Search in Google Scholar

Platts, L. G.; K. Glaser (2017): Predictors of Returns to Work Following Retirement: A Prospective Analysis of Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom. https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/yvb82/. PlattsL. G. GlaserK. 2017 Predictors of Returns to Work Following Retirement: A Prospective Analysis of Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/yvb82/. 10.31235/osf.io/yvb82 Search in Google Scholar

Radl, J.; T. P. Gerber (2015): Work Beyond Pension Age in Russia: Labour Market Dynamics and Job Stability in a Turbulent Economy, in: Scherger, S. (ed.), Paid Work Beyond Pension Age. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. 129–150. RadlJ. GerberT. P. 2015 Work Beyond Pension Age in Russia: Labour Market Dynamics and Job Stability in a Turbulent Economy in: SchergerS. (ed.), Paid Work Beyond Pension Age Houndmills Palgrave Macmillan 129 150 10.1057/9781137435149_6 Search in Google Scholar

Tecernina, N. V.; E. A. Techernin. (2002): Older People in Russia’s Transitional Society: Multiple Deprivation and Coping Responses. Ageing and Society 22, 543–562. TecerninaN. V. TecherninE. A. 2002 Older People in Russia’s Transitional Society: Multiple Deprivation and Coping Responses Ageing and Society 22 543 562 10.1017/S0144686X02008851 Search in Google Scholar

Warendorf, M.; B. Akinwale; R. Landy; K. Matthews; D. Blane (2017): Who in Europe Works Beyond the State Pension Age and under which Conditions? Results from SHARE. Population Ageing 10, 269–285. WarendorfM. AkinwaleB. LandyR. MatthewsK. BlaneD. 2017 Who in Europe Works Beyond the State Pension Age and under which Conditions? Results from SHARE Population Ageing 10 269 285 10.1007/s12062-016-9160-4 Search in Google Scholar

World Bank. (2020): Life expectancy at birth. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN?locations. Accessed 3 August 2020. World Bank 2020 Life expectancy at birth https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN?locations. Accessed 3 August 2020. Search in Google Scholar

World Bank. (2021): Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate). https://data.world-bank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS. World Bank 2021 Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) https://data.world-bank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS. Search in Google Scholar

Wu, L. (2013): Inequality of Pension Arrangements among Different Segments of the Labor Force in China. Journal of Ageing and Social Policy 25(2), 181–196. WuL. 2013 Inequality of Pension Arrangements among Different Segments of the Labor Force in China Journal of Ageing and Social Policy 25 2 181 196 10.1080/08959420.2012.735159 Search in Google Scholar

Wu, X.; D. Treiman (2004): The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China: 1955–1996. Demography 41, 363–384. WuX. TreimanD. 2004 The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China: 1955–1996 Demography 41 363 384 10.1353/dem.2004.0010 Search in Google Scholar

Yu, G.; G. Schömann (2015): Working Pensioners in China: Financial Necessity or Luxury of Choice? in: Scherger, S. (ed.). Paid Work Beyond Pension Age. Pelgrave Macmillan. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 GXS, p 151–173. YuG. SchömannG. 2015 Working Pensioners in China: Financial Necessity or Luxury of Choice? in: SchergerS. (ed.). Paid Work Beyond Pension Age Pelgrave Macmillan Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 GXS, 151 173 10.1057/9781137435149_7 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Z.; X. Wu (2017): Occupational Segregation and Earnings Inequality: Rural Migrants and Local Workers in Urban China. Social Science Research 61, 57–74. ZhangZ. WuX. 2017 Occupational Segregation and Earnings Inequality: Rural Migrants and Local Workers in Urban China Social Science Research 61 57 74 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.020 Search in Google Scholar