<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Parkinson's disease (PsD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative malady, which keeps intensifying with age. It is acquired by the progressive demise of the dopaminergic neurons existing in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the human brain. In the absence of a single accurate test, and due to the dependency on the doctors, intensive research is being carried out to automate the early disease detection and predict disease severity also. In this study, a detailed review of various artificial intelligence (AI) models applied to different datasets across different modalities has been presented. The emotional intelligence (EI) modality, which can be used for the early detection and can help in maintaining a comfortable lifestyle, has been identified. EI is a predominant, emerging technology that can be used to detect PsD at the initial stages and to enhance the socialization of the PsD patients and their attendants. Challenges and possibilities that can assist in bridging the differences between the fast-growing technologies meant to detect PsD and the actual implementation of the automated PsD detection model are presented in this research. This review highlights the prominence of using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier in achieving an accuracy of about 99% in many modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), speech, and electroencephalogram (EEG). A 100% accuracy is achieved in the EEG and handwriting modality using convolutional neural network (CNN) and optimized crow search algorithm (OCSA), respectively. Also, an accuracy of 95% is achieved in PsD progression detection using Bagged Tree, artificial neural network (ANN), and SVM. The maximum accuracy of 99% is attained using K-nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Naïve Bayes classifiers on EEG signals using EI. The most widely used dataset is identified as the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database.</p>
</abstract>

Parkinson's disease (PsD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative malady, which keeps intensifying with age. It is acquired by the progressive demise of the dopaminergic neurons existing in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the human brain. In the absence of a single accurate test, and due to the dependency on the doctors, intensive research is being carried out to automate the early disease detection and predict disease severity also. In this study, a detailed review of various artificial intelligence (AI) models applied to different datasets across different modalities has been presented. The emotional intelligence (EI) modality, which can be used for the early detection and can help in maintaining a comfortable lifestyle, has been identified. EI is a predominant, emerging technology that can be used to detect PsD at the initial stages and to enhance the socialization of the PsD patients and their attendants. Challenges and possibilities that can assist in bridging the differences between the fast-growing technologies meant to detect PsD and the actual implementation of the automated PsD detection model are presented in this research. This review highlights the prominence of using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier in achieving an accuracy of about 99% in many modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), speech, and electroencephalogram (EEG). A 100% accuracy is achieved in the EEG and handwriting modality using convolutional neural network (CNN) and optimized crow search algorithm (OCSA), respectively. Also, an accuracy of 95% is achieved in PsD progression detection using Bagged Tree, artificial neural network (ANN), and SVM. The maximum accuracy of 99% is attained using K-nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Naïve Bayes classifiers on EEG signals using EI. The most widely used dataset is identified as the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database.

Automated Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Review of Techniques, Datasets, Modalities, and Open Challenges

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Parkinson's disease (PsD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative malady, which keeps intensifying with age. It is acquired by the progressive demise of the...

Automated Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Review of Techniques, Datasets, Modalities, and Open Challenges

Article Category: Article

Published Online: Mar 12, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Oct 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2024-0008

Keywords
Parkinson's Disease Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Datasets, Modalities

© 2024 Sheerin Zadoo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Automated Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Review of Techniques, Datasets, Modalities, and Open Challenges

Article Category: Article

Published Online: Mar 12, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Oct 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2024-0008

KeywordsParkinson's Disease Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Datasets, Modalities

© 2024 Sheerin Zadoo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Parkinson's Disease Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Datasets, Modalities