Open Access

The role of state aid for the food industry – Based on the example of dairies in Poland

Maria Zuba-Ciszewska
Maria Zuba-Ciszewska
   | Jun 30, 2023
International Journal of Management and Economics's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Article Category: Empirical Paper
Published Online: Jun 30, 2023
Page range: 101 - 116
Received: Sep 20, 2022
Accepted: Feb 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0037
Keywords
© 2023 Maria Zuba-Ciszewska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Structure of beneficiaries in function of the size of the entity (left) and structure of the value of aid received by them (right). Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.
Structure of beneficiaries in function of the size of the entity (left) and structure of the value of aid received by them (right). Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.

Figure 2.

Value of aid granted in 2015–2021 to entities of different size scales. Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.
Value of aid granted in 2015–2021 to entities of different size scales. Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.

Figure 3.

Value of aid granted in 2015–2021 to entities for different purposes. Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.
Value of aid granted in 2015–2021 to entities for different purposes. Source: own work based on https://sudop.uokik.gov.pl.

Aid granted to milk processors by type of aid measure in 2015–2021

Purpose of aid Aid recipient Frequency of aid Number of entities Value of aid (EUR in million) Share in value (%)
For the disabled Coop 1,145 120 2.60 8.83
Other 556 62 1.24 2.53
Employment of prisoners Coop 38 18 0.41 1.39
Other 14 9 0.10 0.20
Energy Coop 8 6 2.08 7.08
Other 9 9 3.88 7.89
Research and development projects Coop 5 3 14.30 48.61
Other 17 10 23.15 47.05
Regional investment Coop 3 3 0.39 1.33
Other 17 16 11.35 23.07
Crisis aid Coop 93 50 9.64 32.75
Other 597 233 9.42 19.15
For participation in fairs Coop 1 1 0.01 0.02
Other 1 1 0.05 0.11

Level of aid granted to micro, small, medium-sized and large milk processors under the aid measures implemented in Poland

Years Aid recipient Number of entities Frequency of aid Value of aid (EUR in thousand)
Total Micro Small Medium Large Micro Small Medium Large Micro Small Medium Large
2015 Coop 11 1 2 8 0 1 24 95 0 0.32 5.10 271.23 0
Other 7 0 3 4 0 0 24 46 0 0 31.74 168.52 0
2016 Coop 14 0 3 10 1 0 28 96 1 0 6.65 273.21 15.87
Other 7 1 2 4 0 4 14 53 0 1.53 24.02 164.92 0.00
2017 Coop 20 0 4 13 3 0 42 117 15 0 18.48 323.96 471.09
Other 11 2 3 5 1 13 12 58 1 4.63 236.29 160.20 4.50
2018 Coop 20 1 4 12 3 1 47 147 14 25.78 23.28 677.28 46.88
Other 16 4 5 5 2 23 22 51 4 108.71 397.48 812.46 6,019.88
2019 Coop 23 2 6 12 3 8 47 135 12 1.10 34.93 411.93 300.59
Other 20 3 4 6 7 8 29 53 10 7.24 463.16 948.06 5,830.31
2020 Coop 53 5 20 23 5 25 97 142 21 173.49 498.71 7,699.31 4,051.45
Other 203 151 37 10 5 455 147 63 6 1,868.79 4,273.69 2,913.44 6,576.30
2021 Coop 21 0 4 10 7 0 42 100 36 0.00 42.17 296.36 13,755.78
Other 26 7 8 7 4 9 39 55 12 467.75 88.44 4,981.30 12,648.58

Aid granted to milk processors by region in 2015–2021

Voivodeship Number of entities Frequency of aid Value of aid (EUR in million) Average aid for the entity (EUR in thousand)
Dolnośląskie 9 118 0.16 18.17
Kujawsko-pomorskie 19 153 17.28 909.33
Lubelskie 13 137 3.98 306.25
Lubuskie 3 8 0.06 20.27
Łódzkie 14 86 3.14 224.16
Małopolskie 50 313 1.48 29.69
Mazowieckie 42 209 21.71 516.94
Opolskie 8 20 0.52 65.39
Podkarpackie 12 189 0.78 64.63
Podlaskie 18 225 14.40 799.92
Pomorskie 7 19 0.03 4.25
Śląskie 18 267 3.19 176.96
Świętokrzyskie 11 321 2.24 203.75
Warmińsko-mazurskie 10 35 1.21 120.89
Wielkopolskie 32 384 8.38 261.87
Zachodniopomorskie 9 18 0.07 7.31

The level of correlation between the level of state aid received and the form of the dairy, its size, and geographical location

Variables Dairy form Size of dairy Geographical location of dairy*
Value of state aid 0.006 0.492** 0.082**

Level of aid granted to cooperatives and other milk processors under the aid measures implemented in Poland

Years Aid recipient Frequency of aid Value of aid (EUR in thousand)
Sum Average Median Min Max Vs (%)
2015 Coop 120 276.65 2.31 0.94 0.15 16.15 181.24
Other 70 200.26 2.86 1.73 0.27 7.46 82.76
2016 Coop 125 295.73 2.37 0.90 0.11 15.87 171.58
Other 71 190.48 2.68 1.40 0.38 7.98 88.09
2017 Coop 174 813.52 4.68 1.32 0.10 411.28 665.05
Other 84 405.62 4.83 1.36 0.11 220.61 492.26
2018 Coop 209 773.22 3.70 1.12 0.10 189.76 370.88
Other 100 7,338.52 73.39 1.33 0.10 2,378.16 473.85
2019 Coop 202 748.54 3.71 1.27 0.06 153.85 319.24
Other 100 7,248.78 72.49 1.92 0.26 1,854.87 377.22
2020 Coop 285 12,422.96 43.59 1.72 0.03 2,259.25 320.24
Other 671 15,632.22 23.30 1.12 0.08 6,044.90 1,046.05
2021 Coop 178 14,094.30 79.18 1.67 0.23 7,541.11 801.51
Other 115 18,186.07 158.14 1.71 0.20 7,257.29 493.82

Degree of concentration of the value of aid to milk processors in the years 2015–2021

Value of aid for one entity (EUR) Number of entities Frequency of aid Value of aid (EUR in million) Share in value (%)
(0–1,000) 22 56 0.01 0.01
<1,000–2,000) 66 130 0.08 0.11
<2,000–5,000) 37 140 0.11 0.14
<5,000–10,000) 22 108 0.17 0.21
<10,000–20,000) 19 131 0.29 0.37
<20,000–50,000) 22 321 0.66 0.84
<50,000–100,000) 20 369 1.48 1.88
<100,000–150,000) 12 403 1.46 1.85
<150,000–200,000) 4 93 0.66 0.84
<200,000–300,000) 9 203 2.27 2.88
<300,000–500,000) 15 152 5.64 7.18
<500,000–1,000,000) 14 236 10.21 12.99
<1,000,000–2,000,000>* 8 134 11.88 15.10
<2,700,000–3,100,000>* 2 8 5.74 7.30
<11,800,000–14,100,000>* 3 18 37.96 48.28
eISSN:
2543-5361
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Business and Economics, Political Economics, Economic Theory, Systems and Structures, Business Management, Management Accounting, Financial Controlling, Cost Calculation, Investment
Journal RSS Feed