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Efficiency and equity – The Swedish economy in comparison to other countries at the beginning of the 21st century

Bogusław Czarny
Bogusław Czarny
 and 
Elżbieta Czarny
Elżbieta Czarny
   | Sep 30, 2021
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Article Category: Empirical Paper
Published Online: Sep 30, 2021
Page range: 255 - 267
Received: Feb 19, 2021
Accepted: Jul 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2021-0017
Keywords
© 2021 Bogusław Czarny et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Countries with the highest HDI, 2017.Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update 2018, p. 22. HDI, Human Development Index.
Countries with the highest HDI, 2017.Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update 2018, p. 22. HDI, Human Development Index.

Figure 2

Countries with the highest level of life satisfaction of their inhabitants, 2016–2018a.aScale 0–10.Source: Helliwell, Layard, Sachs 2019.
Countries with the highest level of life satisfaction of their inhabitants, 2016–2018a.aScale 0–10.Source: Helliwell, Layard, Sachs 2019.

Figure 3

OECD member countries with the highest per capita GDP, 2018a.aIn US dollars, current PPPs. GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.Source: OECD [2021], GDP: GDP per head, US$, current prices, current PPPs; https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60702 (accessed January 9, 2021).
OECD member countries with the highest per capita GDP, 2018a.aIn US dollars, current PPPs. GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.Source: OECD [2021], GDP: GDP per head, US$, current prices, current PPPs; https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60702 (accessed January 9, 2021).

Figure 4

Number of triadic patent families per million inhabitants, 2018.Source: OECD [2021], Triadic patent families (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6a8d10f4-en (accessed June 2, 2021); OECD [2021], Population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d434f82b-en (accessed June 2, 2021). Own calculations.
Number of triadic patent families per million inhabitants, 2018.Source: OECD [2021], Triadic patent families (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6a8d10f4-en (accessed June 2, 2021); OECD [2021], Population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d434f82b-en (accessed June 2, 2021). Own calculations.

Figure 5

OECD member countries with the lowest Gini coefficient, year 2017a.aScale 0 – 1.0; net income (after taxes and transfers).b2016 data.c2015 data.Source: OECD [2019], Income inequality (indicator). doi: 10.1787/459aa7f1-en (accessed November 9, 2019).
OECD member countries with the lowest Gini coefficient, year 2017a.aScale 0 – 1.0; net income (after taxes and transfers).b2016 data.c2015 data.Source: OECD [2019], Income inequality (indicator). doi: 10.1787/459aa7f1-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Figure 6

Share of long-term unemployment in total unemployment in selected OECD countries, 2018 (%).Source: OECD [2019], Long-term unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/76471ad5-en (accessed November 9, 2019).
Share of long-term unemployment in total unemployment in selected OECD countries, 2018 (%).Source: OECD [2019], Long-term unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/76471ad5-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Figure 7

OECD countries with the lowest poverty rate (in %), end of 2017a.aThe poverty rate is the percentage of inhabitants whose income is less than half the median income of all households.Source: OECD [2021], Poverty rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/0fe1315d-en (accessed February 17, 2021).
OECD countries with the lowest poverty rate (in %), end of 2017a.aThe poverty rate is the percentage of inhabitants whose income is less than half the median income of all households.Source: OECD [2021], Poverty rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/0fe1315d-en (accessed February 17, 2021).

Territory and population in Sweden, US, and Poland, 2018

Country Area (in km2) Population (in million people)
Sweden 450,295 10.041
US 9,833,517 329.256
Poland 312,685 38.421

Share of long-term unemploymenta in total unemployment in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2018 (%)

Sweden US Poland
15.5 13.3 26.9

Intergenerational mobility of earnings in Sweden and other Nordic countriesa

Sweden Denmark Norway Finland Iceland
0.27 0.15 0.17 0.18 n.d.a.

Innovativeness in Sweden, the US, and Poland (triadic patent families, 2018)a

Sweden US Poland
75.7 39 2.5

GDP per capita in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2018a

Sweden US Poland
55,243 62,949 32,611

Intergenerational mobility of earnings in Sweden and the US

Sweden US Poland
0.27 0.470 n.d.a.

Share of long-term unemploymenta in total unemployment in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2018 (%)

Sweden Iceland Norway Denmark Finland
15.5 10.9 14.4 20.2 22.8

Gini coefficient for disposable income in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2017a

Sweden US Polandb
28.2 39.0 28.4

Life satisfaction in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2016–2018a

Sweden Finland Denmark Norway Iceland
7.343 7.769 7.600 7.554 7.494

Satisfaction with life in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2016–2018a

Sweden US Poland
7.343 6.892 6.182

GDP per capita in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2018a

Sweden Norway Denmark Iceland Finland
55,243 71,909 59,272 58,953 51,296

Innovativeness in the Nordic countries (triadic patent families, 2018)a

Sweden Denmark Finland Norway Iceland
75.7 58.1 48.2 20.5 8.8

Poverty rate in the Nordic countries (in %), 2017

Sweden Norway Finland Denmarka Icelandb
9.3 8.4 6.3 6.1 4.9

Average HUR in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2007–2017 (in % of the labor force)

Sweden Finland Denmark Iceland Norway
7.44 8.09 6.33 4.85 3.62

Territory and population in the Nordic countries, 2018

Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden
Area (in km2) 43,094 338,145 103,000 323,802 450,295
Population (in million people) 5.810 5.537 0.344 5.372 10.041

HDI in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2017

Sweden US Poland
0.933 0.924 0.865

HDI in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2017

Sweden Norway Iceland Denmark Finland
0.933 0.953 0.935 0.929 0.917

Poverty rate in Sweden, US, and Poland (%), 2017

Sweden US Poland
9.3 17.8 9,6

Gini coefficient for disposable income in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2017a

Sweden Finland Norway Denmarkb Icelandc
28.2 26.6 26.2 26.1 25.5

Average HUR in Sweden, the US, and Poland in 2010–2018 (in % of the labor force)

Sweden US Poland
7.44 6.76 8.38
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