Research on Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Based on Improved RT-DETR

[1] Hidayatullah, P.; Syakrani, N.; Sholahuddin, M. R.; Gelar, T.; Tubagus, R. YOLOv8 to YOLOv11: A Comprehensive Architecture In-Depth Comparative Review. Hidayatullah P. Syakrani N. Sholahuddin M. R. Gelar T. Tubagus R. YOLOv8 to YOLOv11: A Comprehensive Architecture In-Depth Comparative Review . Search in Google Scholar

[2] Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, T.; Fang, Y.; Chen, T. A Novel SSD-Based Detection Algorithm Suitable for Small Object. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 2023, E106.D (5), 625–634. Zhang X. Zhang Y. Gao T. Fang Y. Chen T. A Novel SSD-Based Detection Algorithm Suitable for Small Object . IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst . 2023 , E106.D ( 5 ), 625 – 634 . Search in Google Scholar

[3] Lin, T.-Y.; Goyal, P.; Girshick, R.; He, K.; Dollar, P. Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2020, 42 (2), 318–327. Lin T.-Y. Goyal P. Girshick R. He K. Dollar P. Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection . IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell . 2020 , 42 ( 2 ), 318 – 327 . Search in Google Scholar

[4] Arora, N.; Kumar, Y.; Karkra, R.; Kumar, M. Automatic Vehicle Detection System in Different Environment Conditions Using Fast R-CNN. Multimed. Tools Appl. 2022, 81 (13), 18715–18735. Arora N. Kumar Y. Karkra R. Kumar M. Automatic Vehicle Detection System in Different Environment Conditions Using Fast R-CNN . Multimed. Tools Appl . 2022 , 81 ( 13 ), 18715 – 18735 . Search in Google Scholar

[5] Abd Alaziz, H. M.; Elmannai, H.; Saleh, H.; Hadjouni, M.; Anter, A. M.; Koura, A.; Kayed, M. Enhancing Fashion Classification with Vision Transformer (ViT) and Developing Recommendation Fashion Systems Using DINOVA2. Electronics 2023, 12 (20), 4263. Abd Alaziz H. M. Elmannai H. Saleh H. Hadjouni M. Anter A. M. Koura A. Kayed M. Enhancing Fashion Classification with Vision Transformer (ViT) and Developing Recommendation Fashion Systems Using DINOVA2 . Electronics 2023 , 12 ( 20 ), 4263 . Search in Google Scholar

[6] Fahad, I. A.; Arean, A. I. H.; Ahmed, N. S.; Hasan, M. Automatic Vehicle Detection Using DETR:A Transformer-Based Approach for Navigating Treacherous Roads. arXiv February 25, 2025. Fahad Fahad. I. Arean A. I. H. Ahmed N.S. Hasan M. Automatic Vehicle Detection Using DETR:A Transformer-Based Approach for Navigating Treacherous Roads . arXiv February 25 , 2025 . Search in Google Scholar

[7] Cheng Xinmiao, Zhang Xuesong, Cao Bingjie, Song Cunli Research on Improving the Small Object Detection Method of RT-DETR [J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 1-21. Xinmiao Cheng Xuesong Zhang Bingjie Cao Cunli Song Research on Improving the Small Object Detection Method of RT-DETR [J] . Computer Engineering and Applications , 1 - 21 . Search in Google Scholar

[8] Azimjonov, J.; Özmen, A. A Real-Time Vehicle Detection and a Novel Vehicle Tracking Systems for Estimating and Monitoring Traffic Flow on Highways. Adv. Eng. Inform. 2021, 50, 101393. Azimjonov J. Özmen A. A Real-Time Vehicle Detection and a Novel Vehicle Tracking Systems for Estimating and Monitoring Traffic Flow on Highways . Adv. Eng. Inform . 2021 , 50 , 101393 . Search in Google Scholar

[9] Ghosh, R. On-Road Vehicle Detection in Varying Weather Conditions Using Faster R-CNN with Several Region Proposal Networks. Multimed. Tools Appl. 2021, 80 (17), 25985–25999. Ghosh R. On-Road Vehicle Detection in Varying Weather Conditions Using Faster R-CNN with Several Region Proposal Networks . Multimed. Tools Appl . 2021 , 80 ( 17 ), 25985 – 25999 . Search in Google Scholar

[10] Wu, T.; Li, X.; Dong, Q. An Improved Transformer-Based Model for Urban Pedestrian Detection. Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst. 2025, 18 (1), 68. Wu T. Li X. Dong Q. An Improved Transformer-Based Model for Urban Pedestrian Detection . Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst . 2025 , 18 ( 1 ), 68 . Search in Google Scholar

[11] Xing, Y.; Yang, S.; Wang, S.; Zhang, S.; Liang, G.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y. MS-DETR: Multispectral Pedestrian Detection Transformer with Loosely Coupled Fusion and Modality-Balanced Optimization. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2024, 25 (12), 20628–20642. Xing Y. Yang S. Wang S. Zhang S. Liang G. Zhang X. Zhang Y. MS-DETR: Multispectral Pedestrian Detection Transformer with Loosely Coupled Fusion and Modality-Balanced Optimization . IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst . 2024 , 25 ( 12 ), 20628 – 20642 . Search in Google Scholar

[12] Song, Y.; Qian, P.; Zhang, K.; Liu, S.; Zhai, R.; Song, R. An Improved Multi-Scale Fusion and Small Object Enhancement Method for Efficient Pedestrian Detection in Dense Scenes. Multimed. Syst. 2025, 31 (2), 151. Song Y. Qian P. Zhang K. Liu S. Zhai R. Song R. An Improved Multi-Scale Fusion and Small Object Enhancement Method for Efficient Pedestrian Detection in Dense Scenes . Multimed. Syst . 2025 , 31 ( 2 ), 151 . Search in Google Scholar

[13] Sadik, M. N.; Hossain, T.; Sayeed, F. Real-Time Detection and Analysis of Vehicles and Pedestrians Using Deep Learning. arXiv April 11, 2024. Sadik M.N. Hossain T. Sayeed F. Real-Time Detection and Analysis of Vehicles and Pedestrians Using Deep Learning . arXiv April 11 , 2024 . Search in Google Scholar

[14] Zhao, Y.; Lv, W.; Xu, S.; Wei, J.; Wang, G.; Dang, Q.; Liu, Y.; Chen, J. DETRs Beat YOLOs on Real-Time Object Detection. arXiv April 3, 2024. Zhao Y. Lv W. Xu S. Wei J. Wang G. Dang Q. Liu Y. Chen J. DETRs Beat YOLOs on Real-Time Object Detection . arXiv April 3 , 2024 . Search in Google Scholar

[15] Xu, Y.; Du, W.; Deng, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wen, W. Ship Target Detection in SAR Images Based on SimAM Attention YOLOv8. IET Commun. 2024, 18 (19), 1428–1436. Xu Y. Du W. Deng L. Zhang Y. Wen W. Ship Target Detection in SAR Images Based on SimAM Attention YOLOv8 . IET Commun . 2024 , 18 ( 19 ), 1428 – 1436 . Search in Google Scholar