Open Access

Risk factors associated with dog endoparasites infection spread in East Slovak Lowland

L. Ihnacik
L. Ihnacik
, 
J. Šmigová
J. Šmigová
, 
J. Šoltys
J. Šoltys
, 
P. Blišťan
P. Blišťan
, 
L. Kovanič
L. Kovanič
, 
M. Blišťanová
M. Blišťanová
, 
I. Schusterová
I. Schusterová
 and 
I. Papajová
I. Papajová
   | Sep 22, 2023
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Published Online: Sep 22, 2023
Page range: 152 - 160
Received: Mar 01, 2023
Accepted: May 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0014
Keywords
© 2023 L. Ihnacik et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

The location of sample collection sites.
The location of sample collection sites.

Fig. 2.

The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the dogs’ excrements from public places.
The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the dogs’ excrements from public places.

Fig. 3

The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the soil from the public places.
The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the soil from the public places.

Fig. 4.

Comparison of correlation coefficients for each factor in East Slovak Lowland. Error bars represent SE (Standard Errors).
Comparison of correlation coefficients for each factor in East Slovak Lowland. Error bars represent SE (Standard Errors).

The establishment of correlation coefficients between risk factors and examined samples.

Correlation coefficient
Soil samples Dog samples
Number of inhabitants −0.764196263 0.962282232
Number of Roma −0.382587722 0.57934496
Presence of drinking water village −0.773563092 0.276271504
settlement −0.600215911 0.31220805
Presence of sewage village −0.337528609 0.334179395
settlement 0.423367867 −0.088357355
Presence of sumps village 0.2645727 −0.241945122
settlement −0.248234706 −0.180872313

Parasitological evaluation of dog's excrement from public places.

N P OR 95% CI
Overall Villages 137 32 0.36 0.23 – 0.55
Towns* 624 284 1.79 – 4.19
Settlements** 42 34 5.98 2.73 – 13.10
Toxocara canis Villages 137 14 0.37 0.20 – 0.66
Towns* 624 146 1.49 – 4.80
Settlements** 42 22 4.13 2.20 – 7.75
f. Ancylostomatidae Villages 137 5 0.27 0.10 – 0.68
Towns* 624 76 1.45 – 9.23
Settlements** 42 0 0 –
Toxascaris leonina Villages 137 1 0.20 0.02 – 1.50
Towns* 624 2 0.66 – 37.19
Settlements** 42 8 7.54 3.14 – 18.10
Trichuris vulpis Villages 137 12 0.60 0.31 – 1.13
Towns* 624 86 0,88 – 3,14
Settlements** 42 15 3.75 1.93 – 7.31
Ascaris spp. Villages 137 4 6.22 1.37 – 28.14
Towns* 624 3 0.03 – 0.72
Settlements** 42 5 14.55 4.40 – 48.04
Capillaria aerophilla Villages 137 4 0.43 0.15 – 1.24
Towns* 624 40 0.80 – 6.45
Settlements** 42 1 0.411 0.05 – 2.95

Results of parasitological examination in the soil.

N P OR 95% CI
Overall Towns* 50 6 0.015 – 0.11
Villages 98 71 23.66 8.49 – 65.94
Toxocara spp. Towns* 50 1 0.003 – 0.20
Villages 98 42 36.75 4.87 – 277.01
f. Ancylostomatidae Towns* 50 3 –
Villages 98 0 –
Toxascaris leonina Towns* 50 2 0.035 – 45.69
Villages 98 1 0.24 0.02 – 2.79
Trichuris spp. Towns* 50 1 0.003 – 0.20
Villages 98 42 36.75 4.87 – 277.01
Ascaris spp. Towns* 50 0 –
Villages 98 55 –
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