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Inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and evaluation of biochemical changes in cucumber root

I. E. Taher
I. E. Taher
 and 
S. N. Ami
S. N. Ami
   | Dec 30, 2022
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Published Online: Dec 30, 2022
Page range: 404 - 413
Received: Apr 25, 2022
Accepted: Nov 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0042
Keywords
© 2022 I. E.Taher, S. N. Ami, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on total phenolic substances (mg/0.5g root) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range test, P ≤ 0.05.
Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on total phenolic substances (mg/0.5g root) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range test, P ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 2

Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on peroxidase activity (Unit. Min-1.gm-1 f w.) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range test, P ≤ 0.05
Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on peroxidase activity (Unit. Min-1.gm-1 f w.) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range test, P ≤ 0.05

Fig. 3

Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on polyphenol oxidase activity (Unit. Min-1.gm-1 f w.) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range tests, P ≤ 0.05.
Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on polyphenol oxidase activity (Unit. Min-1.gm-1 f w.) in Cucumber root infected by Meloidogyne javanica. * Co1 = healthy plant, Co2 = control, (R) = root application, (R+F) = root and foliar application, AA = ascorbic acid. Si = silicon and SA = salicylic acid. *Each number is means of three replications. * Means followed by different letter(s) differ significantly according Duncan’s multiple range tests, P ≤ 0.05.

Effect of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and (Silicon + Calcium) application on growth criteria of Cucumber infected by Meloidogyne javanica.

Growth Criteria
Treatments Chlorophyll (Spad) Shoots fresh weight (g) Root fresh weight (g) Shoots Dry weight (g) Root Dry weight (g) Shoots length (cm) Root length (cm)
Healthy plant 17.17 a 61.13 a 17.17 a 10.787 a 1.089 a 71.3 a 32.37 a
salicylic acid (R+F) 14.97 b 53.7 b 14.97 b 9.373 b 0.9507 b 63.37 b 23.9 b
salicylic acid (R) 14.03 c 51.8 bc 14.03 c 9.03 bc 0.8627 c 61.3 b 21.47 c
salicylic acid (F) 13.6 c 50.97 bcd 13.6 c 8.857 bcd 0.8313 cd 57.57 c 21.03 c
Silicon (R+F) 12.9 d 48.3 cde 12.9 d 8.333 cde 0.81 de 56.2 cd 19.9 d
Silicon (R) 12.2 e 47.67 cde 12.2 e 8.153 de 0.7663 ef 55.57 cd 19.63 d
Ascorbic acid (R+F) 12.17 e 46.7 de 12.17 e 8.03 e 0.759 f 53.2 de 19.63 d
Ascorbic acid (R) 12.13 e 46.5 de 12.13 e 8.007 e 0.7413 f 53.17 de 19.23 d
Silicon (F) 11.53 ef 46.37 e 11.53 ef 7.99 e 0.7157 fg 52.9 de 19 de
Ascorbic acid (F) 11.1 f 45.83 e 11.1 f 7.983 e 0.6857 g 50.07 e 18.87 de
Control (Infested, non-treated ) 9.3 g 41.03 f 9.3 g 7.017 f 0.5837 h 44.9 f 18.07 e

Influence of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and Silicon application on infection criteria of Cucumber infected by Meloidogyne javanica.
Infection Criteria
Treatments No. of root knot (galls) Root gall index No. of egg mass/root system No. of nematodes/root system No. of eggs/root system No. of nematodes / pots soil Final population density of nematodes Rate of reproduction
Healthy plant 0.00 a 0.000 a 0.00 a 0.0 a 0 a 0.00 a 0.000 a 0.000 a
salicylic acid (R+F) 23.00 b 3.000 b 10.33 b 395.7 b 2196b 477.0 b 3068 b 3.068 b
Silicon (R+F) 25.67 bc 3.000 bc 13.00 bc 404.3 bc 2765bc 584.3 c 3230 bc 3.230 bc
salicylic acid (R) 26.00 bc 3.000 bc 15.33 cd 415.0 bc 3262cd 711.7 d 3754 bcd 3.754 bcd
salicylic acid (F) 28.33 cd 3.000 bc 16.33 cde 418.3 bc 3521cde 721.3 d 4418 bcde 4.418 bcde
Ascorbic acid (R) 29.00 cd 3.000 bc 17.33 de 418.7 bc 3651de 772.7 e 4839 de 4.839 de
Ascorbic acid (R+F) 30.67 cd 3.000 bc 17.33 de 419.7 bc 3693de 789.3 e 4842 cde 4.842 cde
Silicon (R) 30.67 cd 3.333 b 17.67 de 443.7 cd 3702de 841.0 f 4953 de 4.953 de
Ascorbic acid (F) 33.33 de 4.000 d 18.33 de 461.7 de 3935de 848.7 f 5252 de 5.252 de
Silicon (F) 33.33 de 4.000 d 20.00 e 468.0 de 4258e 859.7 f 5573 e 5.573 e
Control (Infested, non-treated) 37.33 e 4.000 d 26.00 f 499.3 e 5984f 874.7 f 7492 f 7.492 f
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