First report of Aphelenchoides bicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 associated with grass in South Africa

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Morphological important characters of females of Aphelenchoides bicaudatus from various localities_ All measurements are in pm and in form: mean ± SD (range), except for ratio_ * = extracted from original drawings_

	Present study	Imamura, 1931 (Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven (1941))	Siddiqui and Taylor (1967)	Jen etal., 2012	Kim et a/., 2016	Israr et al., 2017
Population	South Africa	Japan	USA	Taiwan	South Korea	Pakistan
L(μm)	455.3 ± 64.5 (409-529)	430 (380 - 470)	460 (410-550)	499.12 ±67.95 (376-637)	517.9 ±3.8 (513.6-522.6)	360
a	29.1 ±2.0 (27.1-31.1)	31.5 (31.3-31.7)	28.0 (25-31)	33.03 ± 2.42 (27.00-38.64)	28.3 ± 0.5 (27.7-28.8)	30.1 -32.7
b	4.6 ±0.5 (4.1-5.1)	7.4 (6.8-8.4)	8.2 (7.3-9.6)	9.0 ±0.7 (7.5-10.0)	7.3 ±0.0 (7.3-7.4)	7.2-8.8
c	16.3 ±2.0 (14.1-17.8)	10.6 (9.4-12.6)	11.4(9.8-13.7)	11.94 ± 0.93 (10.16-14.80)	11.3 ±0.5 (10.7-11.9)	11.3-12.0
c'	3.2 ±0.6 (2.6-3.6)	4.4*	4.7*	5.41 ±0.56 (4.13-7.14)	4.6 ±0.1 (4.4-4.8)	2.9-3.7
Tail (μm)	28.0 ±3.6 (24-31)	44*	41	37-43	45.9 ±2.5 (43.1 -48.8)	30-31
V(%)	68.8 ± 1.6 (67-71)	70.4 (61.7-90.2)	67.5 (65-70)	68.53 ± 1.20 (64.90-71.83)	66.0 ± 0.2 (65.7-66.4)	66.8-67.2
Stylet (μm)	11.1 ±1.7(10-13)	10*	11.2(10-12)	10.38 ±0.63 (9-12)	11.2 ± 0.5 (10.4 - 11.7)	10-11

Loading factor of the variables of the different populations of Aphelenchoides bicaudatus_

	PC1	PC2
L	0.293	0.714
a	0.435	-0.784
b	0.865	-0.037
c	-0.862	-0.008
c′	0.866	0.323
Tail	0.811	0.417
V	0.073	-0.668
Stylet	-0.483	0.852

Factor score of the variables of the different populations of Aphelenchoides bicaudatus_

Observation	PC1	PC2
South Africa	-3.296	-0.120
Japan	1.298	-1.668
USA	0.332	1.408
Taiwan	1.912	-0.479
South Korea	0.476	2.367
Pakistan	-0.723	-1.507

Measurements of females of Aphelenchoides bicaudatus from South Africa_ All measurements are in μm and in form: mean ± SD (range), except for ratio_

Province	Western Cape	Limpopo
Locality	Cape Town	Magoebaskloof
n	8 females	4 females
L	455.3 ± 64.5 (409 – 529)	451.7 ± 56.7 (415 – 517)
a	29.1 ± 2.0 (27.1 – 31.1)	28.9 ± 0.7 (28.2 – 29.6)
b	4.6 ± 0.5 (4.1 – 5.1)	4.4 ± 0.3 (4.1 – 4.7)
M	47.9 ± 3.4 (44.1 – 50.6)	49.4 ± 3.6 (45.5 – 52.6)
c	16.3 ± 2.0 (14.1 – 17.8)	15.2 ± 1.3 (14.3 – 16.7)
c’	3.2 ± 0.6 (2.6 – 3.6)	3.3 ± 0.3 (3.1 – 3.6)
V (%)	68.8 ± 1.6 (67 – 71)	68.7 ± 1.7 (67 – 70)
Lip region height	2.8 ± 0.9 (2 – 4)	3.1 ± 0.5 (3 – 4)
Lip region width	5.7 ± 0.1 (5.6 – 5.8)	5.4 ± 0.4 (5.1 – 5.8)
Stylet length	11.1 ± 1.7 (10 – 13)	9.6 ± 0.6 (9.5 – 10)
Conus	4.7 ± 0.3 (4.5 – 5.0)	4.8 ± 0.3 (4.5 – 5.0)
Mid of median bulb to anterior end.	47.3 ± 3.2 (45 – 51)	48.3 ± 2.6 (46 – 51)
Median bulb diameter	9.0 ± 0.8 (8.5 – 10.0)	9.2 ± 0.8 (8.0 – 10.0)
Median bulb length	11.2 ± 0.7 (11 – 12)	10.9 ± 1.0 (10 – 12)
Pharynx length	88.3 ± 11.2 (76 – 98)	93.2 ± 7.3 (86 – 100)
Neck	99.0 ± 8.7 (89 – 104)	103.3 ± 7.5 (95 – 110)
Nerve ring from anterior end	71.7 ± 0.6 (71 – 76)	73.0 ± 2.0 (71 – 75)
Excretory pore from anterior end	61.3 ± 3.2 (60 – 65)	60.3 ± 1.5 (59 – 62)
Body diameter at median bulb	12.5 ± 1.8 (11 – 15)	12.3 ± 1.5 (11 – 14)
Body diameter at mid body	15.6 ± 1.5 (14 – 17)	15.7 ± 2.1 (14 – 18)
Body diameter at anus	8.8 ± 0.7 (8 – 9)	9.1 ± 0.1 (8 – 10)
Anterior branch of reproductive system	179.3 ± 18.0 (167 – 200)	199.7 ± 53.2 (167 – 261)
Post-vulval uterine sac	47.0 ± 2.6 (45 – 50)	46.0 ± 1.0 (45 – 47)
Vagina length	6.3 ± (6 – 7)	6.7 ± 0.6 (6 – 7)
Rectum	14.3 ± (12 – 16)	14.7 ± 1.5 (13 – 16)
Tail length	28.0 ± (24 – 31)	29.7 ± 1.2 (29 – 31)