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Ligula intestinalis infection in a native Leuciscid hybrid (Alburnus derjugini x Squalius orientalis) in the Kürtün Dam Lake, Northeast Anatolia


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Fig. 1

Map of sampling area (Kürtün Dam Lake).
Map of sampling area (Kürtün Dam Lake).

Fig. 2

Squalius orientalis.
Squalius orientalis.

Fig. 3

Alburnus derjugini.
Alburnus derjugini.

Fig. 4

Hybrid of Squalius orientalis x Alburnus derjugini.
Hybrid of Squalius orientalis x Alburnus derjugini.

Fig. 5

a, A hybrid individual with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids; b, after removing L. intestinalis plerocercoids from the individual;c, removed L. intestinalis plerocercoids
a, A hybrid individual with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids; b, after removing L. intestinalis plerocercoids from the individual;c, removed L. intestinalis plerocercoids

Fig. 6

Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids prevelance according to the different months.
Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids prevelance according to the different months.

Fig. 7

Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids prevalence according to fish size ranges. n: sampled fish, IF: infected fish, P: prevalence.
Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids prevalence according to fish size ranges. n: sampled fish, IF: infected fish, P: prevalence.

Frequency distribution of meristic features of hybrid population and its ancestors.

Lateral line scales
N 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Squalius orientalis 20 1 4 7 7 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hybrid 10 - - - - - - - 1 2 3 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Alburnus derjugini 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 - - 1
Tranversal scales
Above lateral line
Below lateral line
Branched anal-fin rays
Gill rakers
N 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Squalius orientalis 20 7 13 - - - - 14 6 - 4 16 - - - - - - - 5 13 2 - - - - - - -
Hybrid 10 - - - 9 1 - - 10 - - - 7 3 - - - - - - 1 9 - - - - - - - -
Alburnus derjugini 30 - - - 2 16 12 - 13 17 - - - - - - 16 13 1 - - - - 1 5 3 2 1 1 4

Morphometric comparison of S. orientalis x A. derjugini and its ancestors.

Squalius orientalis S. orientalis x Alburnus derjugini
A. derjugini (Hybrid)
N 20 10 15
Standard Length (mm) 145-185 116-115 83-132
In percent of standard length Range (mean) SD Range (mean) SD Range (mean) SD
Head length 24.0 – 28.6 (27.0) 1.0 21.5 – 23.7 (23.0) 0.7 24.6 – 27.4 (26.0) 0.8
Body depth of dorsal-fin origin 21.6 – 25.0 (23.4) 0.1 23.4 – 27.3 (26.0) 1.3 19.6 – 23.4 (21.0) 1.2
Predorsal length 53.3 – 57.4 (55.4) 1.1 52.3 – 56.6 (54.2) 1.4 54.4 – 58.1 (56.0) 1.1
Prepelvic length 50.3 – 55.4 (53.5) 1.2 46.7 – 50.3 (48.5) 1.0 47.8 – 50.5 (49.2) 0.8
Preanal length 71.6 – 75.6 (73.7) 1.2 63.8 – 70.0 (67.4) 1.9 65.3 – 69.6 (67.4) 1.2
Pectoral-fin origin to anal fin 47.8 – 52.3 (49.6) 1.3 43.2 – 47.7 (45.6) 1.4 40.5 – 45.7 (42.6) 1.2
Pectoral-fin origin to pelvic fin 26.4 – 30.8 (28.2) 1.2 23.4 – 27.1 (25.5) 1.1 22.2 – 25.2 (23.8) 0.9
Pelvic-fin origin to anal fin 19.8 – 23.8 (21.7) 1.1 19.2 – 24.8 (21.1) 1.8 16.9 – 21.5 (19.0) 1.0
Dorsal-fin height 18.6 – 21.2 (19.9) 0.8 19.3 – 22.1 (20.4) 0.8 16.7 – 19.5 (18.2) 0.8
Anal-fin length 16.2 – 18.8 (17.5) 0.7 14.5 – 18.5 (16.0) 1.2 12.5 – 15.8 (14.6) 0.8
Pectoral-fin length 17.6 – 20.8 (19.4) 0.8 15.2 – 18.9 (17.3) 1.1 19.5 – 22.1 (20.8) 0.7
Pelvic-fin length 14.5 – 16.7 (15.7) 0.5 13.7 – 17.4 (15.5) 0.9 14.1 – 16.2 (15.4) 0.6
Upper caudal-fin lobe 24.2 – 29.5 (26.3) 1.2 23.4 – 27.0 (25.4) 1.0 24.4 – 28.9 (26.6) 1.4
Length of middle caudal-fin ray 13.7 – 17.4 (16.1) 0.9 10.6 – 13.0 (12.3) 0.7 11.8 – 13.8 (12.6) 0.7
Length of caudal peduncule 18.1 – 20.7 (19.4) 0.8 20.9 – 24.6 (22.2) 1.2 17.8 – 20.3 (18.8) 0.9
Depth of caudal peduncle 10.7 – 12.2 (11.6) 0.4 8.9 – 10.9 (10.0) 0.6 8.1 – 9.3 (8.7) 0.3
In percent of head length
Snout length 29.7 – 34.6 (32.0) 1.4 24.4 – 30.4 (26.3) 1.7 27.2 – 30.1 (28.3) 0.9
Eye diameter 17.2 – 21.1 (19.3) 1.1 28.2 – 31.4 (30.1) 1.1 26.5 – 31.7 (29.7) 1.5
Interorbital width 39.4 – 43.3 (41.1) 1.1 29.9 – 33.8 (31.5) 1.4 25.5 – 31.0 (28.0) 1.7
Head width at nape 56.4 – 63.8 (59.5) 2.3 46.2 – 51.9 (49.8) 1.8 45.3 – 51.0 (47.6) 1.6
Head depth at nape 63.4 – 72.7 (67.8) 2.8 67.8 – 76.5 (70.5) 2.7 61.1 – 67.5 (63.8) 1.6
Snout width at nostrils 35.1 – 39.4 (37.0) 1.2 27.6 – 33.7 (30.0) 1.7 28.1 – 34.5 (30.2) 1.6
Mouth width 25.3 – 32.4 (28.3) 1.8 20.5 – 25.0 (22.0) 1.5 20.1 – 25.0 (22.1) 1.4

After 2007, records of Ligula intestinalis from some Cyprinids in Turkey.

Host species Actual Taxonomic Status Area References
Ladigesocypris irideus Ladigesocypris irideus* Aegean Doosti and Yılmaz, 2020
Tinca tinca Tinca tinca** Mediterranean Aegean Aydogan et al., 2018 Demirtaş, 2011
Vimba vimba Vimba vimba* Aegean Aydoğdu et al., 2008.
Alburnus escherichii Alburnus escherichii*
Gobio gobio Gobio sakaryaensis*** Central Anatolian İnnal et al., 2010.
Squalius cephalus Squalius pursakensis*
Leuciscus cephalus Squalius fellowesi* Aegean Kurupınar and Öztürk, 2009
Rutilus rutilus Rutilus rutilus* Marmara Saç et al., 2016
Alburnus orontis Alburnus escherichii*
Leuciscus cephalus Squalius orientalis* Central Anatolian Turgut et al., 2011
Chondrostoma regium Chondrostoma angorense*
Alburnus derjugini Alburnus derjugini* Black Sea Kayiş et al., 2020
Alburnoides fasciatus Alburnoides fasciatus*
Barbus artvinica Barbus rionicus
Capoeta banarescui Capoeta banarescui Black Sea Kayis et al., 2018
Capoeta ekmekciae Capoeta ekmekciae
Capoeta sieboldii Capoeta sieboldii
Squalius orientalis Squalius orientalis*
Barbus plebejus Barbus cyri
Capoeta capoeta Capoeta capoeta North-Eastern Anatolia Arslan et al., 2015
eISSN:
1336-9083
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, other, Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Microbiology, Virology and Infection Epidemiology