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Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

G. L. Abuelenain
G. L. Abuelenain
, 
Z. H. Fahmy
Z. H. Fahmy
, 
A. M. Elshennawy
A. M. Elshennawy
, 
E. H. A. Selim
E. H. A. Selim
, 
M. Elhakeem
M. Elhakeem
, 
K. M. A. Hassanein
K. M. A. Hassanein
 and 
S. M. Awad
S. M. Awad
   | May 04, 2022
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: May 04, 2022
Page range: 37 - 45
Received: Oct 01, 2021
Accepted: Jan 04, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0005
Keywords
© 2022 G. L. Abuelenain, Z. H. Fahmy, A. M. Elshennawy, E. H. A. Selim, M. Elhakeem, K. M. A. Hassanein, S. M. Awad, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Effects of various concentrations of myrrh and garden cress on the worm percentage survival for different durations. Albendazole (ABZ, 200 μg/ml) -treated and untreated control worms were counted within the exact durations: 1, 12, and 24 hours. The data is reproducible of triplicate experiments. The graph bars represent the durations relative to each specific treatment at the primary horizontal axis; the percent values above the bars provide the survival rate of worms. The secondary horizontal axis represents the doses of each treatment.
Effects of various concentrations of myrrh and garden cress on the worm percentage survival for different durations. Albendazole (ABZ, 200 μg/ml) -treated and untreated control worms were counted within the exact durations: 1, 12, and 24 hours. The data is reproducible of triplicate experiments. The graph bars represent the durations relative to each specific treatment at the primary horizontal axis; the percent values above the bars provide the survival rate of worms. The secondary horizontal axis represents the doses of each treatment.

Fig. 2

Effects of various concentrations of myrrh and garden cress on the Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae survival percentage for different durations. Albendazole (ABZ, 200 μg/ml)-treated and untreated control larvae were counted at the exact time intervals (1, 12, and 24 hours). The data is reproducible of triplicate experiments. The primary vertical axis indicates the percent survival of muscle larvae, which is written above the bars. The secondary vertical axis provides the treatment concentrations, The graph bars represent the durations relative to each specific treatment at the primary horizontal axis.
Effects of various concentrations of myrrh and garden cress on the Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae survival percentage for different durations. Albendazole (ABZ, 200 μg/ml)-treated and untreated control larvae were counted at the exact time intervals (1, 12, and 24 hours). The data is reproducible of triplicate experiments. The primary vertical axis indicates the percent survival of muscle larvae, which is written above the bars. The secondary vertical axis provides the treatment concentrations, The graph bars represent the durations relative to each specific treatment at the primary horizontal axis.

Fig. 3

Trichinella spiralis adult worm 1h post-incubation in the RPMI-1640 medium. A-C, normal untreated worms showing the posterior (P) and anterior (A) regions, annulations (AN, lateral pores (black arrows), and a ridge (black arrowheads). D & E, worms treated with a single dose of albendazole (200μg/ml) showing blebs of the cuticle (blue arrowheads), carrions (black arrows), opaque body in (D), and partial or entirely sloughing cuticle in (D & E, respectively). F & G, worms treated with a single dose of Commiphora molmol (myrrh; 200μg/ml) showing clumps of blebs (orange arrowheads), a damaged ridge with fissures (black arrowheads), flattened annulations at the posterior region (FAN), and loss of transverse striations along the rest of the body. H & I, worms treated with a single dose of Lepidium sativum (Garden cress; 200μg/ml) showing a few blebs (orange arrowheads), destruction of the vulva (white arrows) with a post-region of sub-cuticle vesicles (blue square).
Trichinella spiralis adult worm 1h post-incubation in the RPMI-1640 medium. A-C, normal untreated worms showing the posterior (P) and anterior (A) regions, annulations (AN, lateral pores (black arrows), and a ridge (black arrowheads). D & E, worms treated with a single dose of albendazole (200μg/ml) showing blebs of the cuticle (blue arrowheads), carrions (black arrows), opaque body in (D), and partial or entirely sloughing cuticle in (D & E, respectively). F & G, worms treated with a single dose of Commiphora molmol (myrrh; 200μg/ml) showing clumps of blebs (orange arrowheads), a damaged ridge with fissures (black arrowheads), flattened annulations at the posterior region (FAN), and loss of transverse striations along the rest of the body. H & I, worms treated with a single dose of Lepidium sativum (Garden cress; 200μg/ml) showing a few blebs (orange arrowheads), destruction of the vulva (white arrows) with a post-region of sub-cuticle vesicles (blue square).

Fig. 4

Trichinella spiralis larvae 1h post-incubation in the RPMI-1640 medium. A) Normal larvae with coiled body and well-defined annulated regions and ends. B-D) Larvae treated with a single dose of albendazole (200μg/ml) showing a few blebs, flattened transverse folds (B; alive), damaged ridges along the body, and internal opacity (C & D; dead). E-G) Larvae treated with a single dose of Commiphora molmol (myrrh; 200μg/ml), revealing flattened transverse folds and obscure corrugated cuticle. H &I) Larvae treated with a single dose of Lepidium sativum (garden cress, 200 μg/ml), showing normal coiled larvae without patent ridges and with mild blebs.
Trichinella spiralis larvae 1h post-incubation in the RPMI-1640 medium. A) Normal larvae with coiled body and well-defined annulated regions and ends. B-D) Larvae treated with a single dose of albendazole (200μg/ml) showing a few blebs, flattened transverse folds (B; alive), damaged ridges along the body, and internal opacity (C & D; dead). E-G) Larvae treated with a single dose of Commiphora molmol (myrrh; 200μg/ml), revealing flattened transverse folds and obscure corrugated cuticle. H &I) Larvae treated with a single dose of Lepidium sativum (garden cress, 200 μg/ml), showing normal coiled larvae without patent ridges and with mild blebs.
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