<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Trichinellosis is a nematode-causing disease distinguished by its continuous transmission in the carnivores and omnivores. Despite effective eradication of the enteral forms, conventional drugs fail to eliminate the migrating and muscle ones. Over the past years, researchers intensified the work on herbal medicines as alternatives or aids to albendazole, the reference drug. This research hypothesizes that the therapeutic agent absorption route could be an evidence-based carrier molecule or auxiliary drug to albendazole. Accordingly, this <italic>in vitro</italic> study was designed to investigate mainly the phenotypic changes induced by a mono-treatment of albendazole, <italic>Lipidium sativum</italic> (garden cress), and <italic>Commiphora molmol</italic> (myrrh). Incredibly, no data were reported on the morphological alterations of <italic>T. spiralis</italic> larvae treated by any of these drugs. The experimental design tested various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of each herbal medicine for the lethal effects on the parasite forms for a day (1, 12, and 24h). The data showed that the highest significant mortality rate of the parasite forms was in favor of the concentration 200 μg/ml of both plant extracts in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, albendazole at 200 μg/ml dose was tested in parallel, and all experimental groups were compared to non-treated muscle larvae and worms. Albendazole-treated worms accounted for the least significant (<italic>p&lt;0.001</italic>) survival rate (2 %), followed by myrrh (5 %), and the adverse was valid for the survival rate of the muscle larvae at that time. None of the larvae/worms was alive after 24 hours of incubation with the 200μg/ml of either treatment. The scanning electron microscope investigation of the experimental groups provided a shred of evidence for different routes of taking up the candidate drugs by the parasite. In conclusion, the results of the previous work <italic>in vivo</italic> and current <italic>in vitro</italic> study recommend myrrh over garden cress as a complementary agent of albendazole.</p></abstract>

Trichinellosis is a nematode-causing disease distinguished by its continuous transmission in the carnivores and omnivores. Despite effective eradication of the enteral forms, conventional drugs fail to eliminate the migrating and muscle ones. Over the past years, researchers intensified the work on herbal medicines as alternatives or aids to albendazole, the reference drug. This research hypothesizes that the therapeutic agent absorption route could be an evidence-based carrier molecule or auxiliary drug to albendazole. Accordingly, this in vitro study was designed to investigate mainly the phenotypic changes induced by a mono-treatment of albendazole, Lipidium sativum (garden cress), and Commiphora molmol (myrrh). Incredibly, no data were reported on the morphological alterations of T. spiralis larvae treated by any of these drugs. The experimental design tested various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of each herbal medicine for the lethal effects on the parasite forms for a day (1, 12, and 24h). The data showed that the highest significant mortality rate of the parasite forms was in favor of the concentration 200 μg/ml of both plant extracts in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, albendazole at 200 μg/ml dose was tested in parallel, and all experimental groups were compared to non-treated muscle larvae and worms. Albendazole-treated worms accounted for the least significant (p<0.001) survival rate (2 %), followed by myrrh (5 %), and the adverse was valid for the survival rate of the muscle larvae at that time. None of the larvae/worms was alive after 24 hours of incubation with the 200μg/ml of either treatment. The scanning electron microscope investigation of the experimental groups provided a shred of evidence for different routes of taking up the candidate drugs by the parasite. In conclusion, the results of the previous work in vivo and current in vitro study recommend myrrh over garden cress as a complementary agent of albendazole.

Phenotypic changes of <italic>Trichinella spiralis</italic> treated by <italic>Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum</italic>, and Albendazole: <italic>in vitro</italic> study

Helminthologia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Phenotypic changes of  treated by , and Albendazole:  study

Trichinellosis is a nematode-causing disease distinguished by its continuous transmission in the carnivores and omnivores. Despite effective eradication of the...

Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: May 04, 2022

Page range: 37 - 45

Received: Oct 01, 2021

Accepted: Jan 04, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0005

Keywords
Drug discovery, Complimentary drug, auxiliary drug, myrrh, albendazole, garden cress

© 2022 G. L. Abuelenain, Z. H. Fahmy, A. M. Elshennawy, E. H. A. Selim, M. Elhakeem, K. M. A. Hassanein, S. M. Awad, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: May 04, 2022

Page range: 37 - 45

Received: Oct 01, 2021

Accepted: Jan 04, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0005

KeywordsDrug discovery, Complimentary drug, auxiliary drug, myrrh, albendazole, garden cress

© 2022 G. L. Abuelenain, Z. H. Fahmy, A. M. Elshennawy, E. H. A. Selim, M. Elhakeem, K. M. A. Hassanein, S. M. Awad, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Drug discovery, Complimentary drug, auxiliary drug, myrrh, albendazole, garden cress