<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a full aqueous extract (FE) and two phases: an aqueous (Aq-Ph) and an ethyl acetate (EtOAc-Ph) from <italic>Ruta chalepensis</italic> (<italic>Rc</italic>) stems and leaves against <italic>Haemonchus contortus</italic> (<italic>Hc</italic>) were assessed. The egg hatching inhibition (EHI) assay and larval mortality (LM) test were performed by triplicate in 96-well micro-titration plates (n=4 wells). The FE against <italic>Hc</italic> eggs and larvae was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL; and 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 200 mg/ mL, respectively. The ovicidal effect of Aq-F and EtOAc-F was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Plates were incubated at 28 °C for 48 (ovicidal assay) and 72 h (larvicidal assay). The EHI results were considered based on the mean number of eggs hatching failure after 48 h exposure. The LM was recorded after 72 h exposure to the <italic>Rc</italic> phases and expressed as mortality percentage. The <italic>Rc</italic> FE caused 96 and 100% EHI at 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, 74% LM was recorded at 200 mg/mL (p&lt;0.05). The Aq-Ph showed 78.5% EHI at 2.5 mg/mL. Likewise, the EtOAc-Ph caused 100% EHI in almost all concentrations. Eighteen compounds including alkaloids, cumarins, triterpens, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols were identified by GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that the aqueous extract from <italic>Rc</italic> possesses bioactive compounds with <italic>in vitro</italic> nematocidal activity against <italic>Hc</italic>; mainly in the EtOAc-Ph. Further studies should be performed to elucidate those compounds searching for alternative methods of control of the sheep haemonchosis.</p></abstract>

The ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a full aqueous extract (FE) and two phases: an aqueous (Aq-Ph) and an ethyl acetate (EtOAc-Ph) from Ruta chalepensis (Rc) stems and leaves against Haemonchus contortus (Hc) were assessed. The egg hatching inhibition (EHI) assay and larval mortality (LM) test were performed by triplicate in 96-well micro-titration plates (n=4 wells). The FE against Hc eggs and larvae was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL; and 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 200 mg/ mL, respectively. The ovicidal effect of Aq-F and EtOAc-F was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Plates were incubated at 28 °C for 48 (ovicidal assay) and 72 h (larvicidal assay). The EHI results were considered based on the mean number of eggs hatching failure after 48 h exposure. The LM was recorded after 72 h exposure to the Rc phases and expressed as mortality percentage. The Rc FE caused 96 and 100% EHI at 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, 74% LM was recorded at 200 mg/mL (p<0.05). The Aq-Ph showed 78.5% EHI at 2.5 mg/mL. Likewise, the EtOAc-Ph caused 100% EHI in almost all concentrations. Eighteen compounds including alkaloids, cumarins, triterpens, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols were identified by GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that the aqueous extract from Rc possesses bioactive compounds with in vitro nematocidal activity against Hc; mainly in the EtOAc-Ph. Further studies should be performed to elucidate those compounds searching for alternative methods of control of the sheep haemonchosis.

<italic>Ruta chalepensis</italic> full extract and organic phases exhibit nematocidal activity against <italic>Haemonchus contortus</italic> eggs and infective larvae (L<sub>3</sub>)

Helminthologia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 full extract and organic phases exhibit nematocidal activity against  eggs and infective larvae (L)

The ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a full aqueous extract (FE) and two phases: an aqueous (Aq-Ph) and an ethyl acetate (EtOAc-Ph) from Ruta chalepensis (Rc)...

Ruta chalepensis full extract and organic phases exhibit nematocidal activity against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae (L₃)

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: May 04, 2022

Page range: 46 - 54

Received: Apr 14, 2021

Accepted: Nov 26, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0001

Keywords
plant extracts, Ruda, nematodes, egg hatch inhibition, larval mortality

© 2022 G. Jasso-Díaz, G. Torres-Hernández, A. Zamilpa, C.M. Becerril-Pérez, J. E. Ramírez-Bribiesca, O. Hernández-Mendo, H. Sánchez-Arroyo, A. Olmedo-Juárez, M. González-Cortazar, P. Mendoza-De Gives, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Ruta chalepensis full extract and organic phases exhibit nematocidal activity against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae (L3)

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: May 04, 2022

Page range: 46 - 54

Received: Apr 14, 2021

Accepted: Nov 26, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0001

Keywordsplant extracts, Ruda, nematodes, egg hatch inhibition, larval mortality

© 2022 G. Jasso-Díaz, G. Torres-Hernández, A. Zamilpa, C.M. Becerril-Pérez, J. E. Ramírez-Bribiesca, O. Hernández-Mendo, H. Sánchez-Arroyo, A. Olmedo-Juárez, M. González-Cortazar, P. Mendoza-De Gives, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Ruta chalepensis full extract and organic phases exhibit nematocidal activity against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae (L₃)

Keywords
plant extracts, Ruda, nematodes, egg hatch inhibition, larval mortality