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Therapeutic efficacy of Albendazole and Mefloquine alone or in combination against early and late stages of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

A. M. Fahmy

A. M. Fahmy

Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, ImbabaGiza, Egypt
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Fahmy, A. M.
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T. M. Diab

T. M. Diab

Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, ImbabaGiza, Egypt
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Diab, T. M.
  
Jun 08, 2021
Therapeutic efficacy of Albendazole and Mefloquine alone or in combination against early and late stages of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice's Cover Image
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Published Online: Jun 08, 2021
Page range: 179 - 187
Received: Nov 10, 2020
Accepted: Mar 03, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0016
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© 2021 A. M. Fahmy, T. M. Diab, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Intestinal parasitic burden in CD1 Swiss albino male mice infected with T. spiralis L1 larvae and treated with Albendazol, Mefloquine, or both, in the acute phase of infection.Description: The number of worms recovered from the intestine estimates the intestinal parasitic burden (see M&M). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of 10 mice. Differences among treatment groups were analyzed with ANOVA; comparisons between treatments were done with LSD post-test. Differences were considered significant if P < 0.05. a: significantly different compared with the control group. #: percent change from the control group.
Intestinal parasitic burden in CD1 Swiss albino male mice infected with T. spiralis L1 larvae and treated with Albendazol, Mefloquine, or both, in the acute phase of infection.Description: The number of worms recovered from the intestine estimates the intestinal parasitic burden (see M&M). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of 10 mice. Differences among treatment groups were analyzed with ANOVA; comparisons between treatments were done with LSD post-test. Differences were considered significant if P < 0.05. a: significantly different compared with the control group. #: percent change from the control group.

Fig. 2

Muscular parasitic load in CD1 Swiss albino male mice infected with T. spiralis L1 larvae and treated with Albendazol, Mefloquine, or both, in the chronic phase of infection.Description: The number of encysted larvae recovered from the muscles estimates the muscular parasite load (see M&M). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of 10 mice. Differences among treatment groups were analyzed with ANOVA; comparisons between treatments were done with LSD post-test. Differences were considered significant if P < 0.05. a: significantly different compared with the control group. b: significantly different compared with ABZ group. #: percent change from the control group.
Muscular parasitic load in CD1 Swiss albino male mice infected with T. spiralis L1 larvae and treated with Albendazol, Mefloquine, or both, in the chronic phase of infection.Description: The number of encysted larvae recovered from the muscles estimates the muscular parasite load (see M&M). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of 10 mice. Differences among treatment groups were analyzed with ANOVA; comparisons between treatments were done with LSD post-test. Differences were considered significant if P < 0.05. a: significantly different compared with the control group. b: significantly different compared with ABZ group. #: percent change from the control group.

Fig.3

Representative micrographs illustrating the histology of the small intestine of mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with antiparasitics in the acute stage of infection.Description: Tissue samples were obtained on day 7 post-infection. (a) non-treated control, showing heavy larvae embedded in the musculature of the diaphragm (black arrow) surrounded by intense inflammatory reaction (white arrow), atrophy, distancing, and tearing of muscle (M). H&E, X200 (b) ABZ-treated, showing larval deposition (black arrow) surrounded by mild muscle inflammation (white arrow). H&E, X200 (c) MQ-treated, showing minimal cellular inflammation (white arrow) and single larva deposition (black arrow). H&E, X400 (d) ABZ+MQ-treated, showing degenerated larvae (D) with broken down incomplete capsule which is completely invaded and surrounded by inflammatory cells (white arrow), inflamed skeletal muscle bundles (M), and single larval deposition (black arrow). H&E, X200.
Representative micrographs illustrating the histology of the small intestine of mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with antiparasitics in the acute stage of infection.Description: Tissue samples were obtained on day 7 post-infection. (a) non-treated control, showing heavy larvae embedded in the musculature of the diaphragm (black arrow) surrounded by intense inflammatory reaction (white arrow), atrophy, distancing, and tearing of muscle (M). H&E, X200 (b) ABZ-treated, showing larval deposition (black arrow) surrounded by mild muscle inflammation (white arrow). H&E, X200 (c) MQ-treated, showing minimal cellular inflammation (white arrow) and single larva deposition (black arrow). H&E, X400 (d) ABZ+MQ-treated, showing degenerated larvae (D) with broken down incomplete capsule which is completely invaded and surrounded by inflammatory cells (white arrow), inflamed skeletal muscle bundles (M), and single larval deposition (black arrow). H&E, X200.

Fig.4

Representative micrographs illustrating the histology of the diaphragm of mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with antiparasitics in the chronic stage of infection.Description: Tissue samples were obtained on day 7 post-infection. (a) non-treated control, showing dense inflammatory cellular infiltrate (white arrow), mainly in the core of the villi, shedding of the epithelial lining (E), and flattening and hyperplasia of the crypts of the villi (black arrow). H&E staining, magnification 200X. (b) ABZ-treated, showing mild inflammatory infiltrates, mainly within the core of the villi (white arrow) with apparently intact epithelial lining (E) with finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400. (c) MQ-treated, showing intact epithelium lining (white arrow), intact epithelium lining (E), and finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400. (d) ABZ+MQ-treated, showing more reduction in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (line) with intact lining epithelium (white arrow) (E) and finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400.
Representative micrographs illustrating the histology of the diaphragm of mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with antiparasitics in the chronic stage of infection.Description: Tissue samples were obtained on day 7 post-infection. (a) non-treated control, showing dense inflammatory cellular infiltrate (white arrow), mainly in the core of the villi, shedding of the epithelial lining (E), and flattening and hyperplasia of the crypts of the villi (black arrow). H&E staining, magnification 200X. (b) ABZ-treated, showing mild inflammatory infiltrates, mainly within the core of the villi (white arrow) with apparently intact epithelial lining (E) with finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400. (c) MQ-treated, showing intact epithelium lining (white arrow), intact epithelium lining (E), and finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400. (d) ABZ+MQ-treated, showing more reduction in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (line) with intact lining epithelium (white arrow) (E) and finger-like villi (black arrow). H&E, X400.
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