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Multiphase Flow Regime Identification in Cryogenic Nitrogen using Electrical Capacitance Measurement Technology

Matthew A. Charleston

Matthew A. Charleston

Tech4ImagingOhio,
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Charleston, Matthew A.
, 
Benjamin J. Straiton

Benjamin J. Straiton

Tech4ImagingOhio,
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Straiton, Benjamin J.
 and 
Qussai M. Marashdeh

Qussai M. Marashdeh

Tech4ImagingOhio,
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Marashdeh, Qussai M.
  
Sep 14, 2024
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Article Category: Research Note
Published Online: Sep 14, 2024
Page range: 135 - 144
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2024-0011
Keywords
© 2024 Matthew A. Charleston et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Concept of Operations for Flow Regime Identification. A Capacitance Mass Flow Meter (CMFM) is installed in a two-phase system. The volume fraction is measured in a cross-section. The velocity is measured through the cross-correlation of two axially separated capacitance measurements. This information is then processed to determine the mass flow rate and flow regime.
Concept of Operations for Flow Regime Identification. A Capacitance Mass Flow Meter (CMFM) is installed in a two-phase system. The volume fraction is measured in a cross-section. The velocity is measured through the cross-correlation of two axially separated capacitance measurements. This information is then processed to determine the mass flow rate and flow regime.

Figure 2.

Diagram of Cryogenic Nitrogen Flow Loop. Diagram shows the nitrogen gas supply used to subcool the liquid nitrogen, Pressure, and Temperature probe points (PT), the Capacitance Mass Flow Meter (CMFM), control valves, vaporizer, and reference gas Flow Meter (FM).
Diagram of Cryogenic Nitrogen Flow Loop. Diagram shows the nitrogen gas supply used to subcool the liquid nitrogen, Pressure, and Temperature probe points (PT), the Capacitance Mass Flow Meter (CMFM), control valves, vaporizer, and reference gas Flow Meter (FM).

Figure 3.

Velocity and Volume Fraction Flow Conditions Achieved with Two-phase Nitrogen Flow Loop. Colors indicate contours of constant Mass Flow Rate (MFR) as measured by the reference gas flow meter.
Velocity and Volume Fraction Flow Conditions Achieved with Two-phase Nitrogen Flow Loop. Colors indicate contours of constant Mass Flow Rate (MFR) as measured by the reference gas flow meter.

Figure 4.

Multiphase Flow Regimes in Horizontal and Vertical Flows: A – Single Phase Liquid Flow, B – Single Phase Gas Flow, C – Annular Flow, D – Mist Flow, E – Slug Flow, F – Bubble Flow, G – Stratified Flow, H – Stratified Wavy Flow, I – Bubble Flow, J – Churn Flow.
Multiphase Flow Regimes in Horizontal and Vertical Flows: A – Single Phase Liquid Flow, B – Single Phase Gas Flow, C – Annular Flow, D – Mist Flow, E – Slug Flow, F – Bubble Flow, G – Stratified Flow, H – Stratified Wavy Flow, I – Bubble Flow, J – Churn Flow.

Figure 5.

Raw Capacitance Data sorted into Flow Regimes and Descriptions of Volume Fraction (VF) Signal Characteristics used for Sorting.
Raw Capacitance Data sorted into Flow Regimes and Descriptions of Volume Fraction (VF) Signal Characteristics used for Sorting.

Figure 6.

Flow Data Points from CMFM Sorted into Flow Regimes
Flow Data Points from CMFM Sorted into Flow Regimes

Figure 7.

Symmetric and Asymmetric Capacitance Signals Displayed Graphically.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Capacitance Signals Displayed Graphically.

Figure 8.

Capacitance Flow Data Points Sorted into Flow Regime Maps using Rangy, Symmetry, and Velocity Characterization Terms.
Capacitance Flow Data Points Sorted into Flow Regime Maps using Rangy, Symmetry, and Velocity Characterization Terms.

Figure 9.

Flow Regime Identification Algorithm. Illustrates how flow regime classification is performed on the Volume Fraction (VF) signal based on the velocity, symmetry (sym.), and range features.
Flow Regime Identification Algorithm. Illustrates how flow regime classification is performed on the Volume Fraction (VF) signal based on the velocity, symmetry (sym.), and range features.

Figure 10.

Test Points Plotted on Froude Map for Horizontal Flow
Test Points Plotted on Froude Map for Horizontal Flow

Figure 11.

Test Points Plotted on Froude Map for Vertical Upward Flow
Test Points Plotted on Froude Map for Vertical Upward Flow
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