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Journals
Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 8 (2020): Issue 1 (May 2020)
Open Access
Omni-Gravity Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven Water Recovery System
Rawand M. Rasheed
Rawand M. Rasheed
,
Evan A. Thomas
Evan A. Thomas
,
Paul Gardner
Paul Gardner
,
Tanya Rogers
Tanya Rogers
,
Rafael Verduzco
Rafael Verduzco
and
Mark M. Weislogel
Mark M. Weislogel
| Jul 14, 2020
Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 8 (2020): Issue 1 (May 2020)
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Article Category:
Research Note
Published Online:
Jul 14, 2020
Page range:
31 - 44
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2020-0004
Keywords
Leidenfrost
,
Superhydrophobic
,
Life support
,
Urine water recovery
,
Omni-gravity
,
Noncontact distillation
© 2020 Rawand M. Rasheed et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Figure 1
Solid model of water recovery system with components labeled. The dimensions of the Leidenfrost Distiller and PPS are 24″×24″×4″ and 12″×8″×24″, respectively.
Figure 2
Block diagram of the model in Figure 1.
Figure 3
Figure shows 17-Hz images of a pressure-driven ethanol jet producing 2.6-mm droplets at an average velocity of 22 cm/s from a 20-gauge needle injected into a 4.0 mm inner diameter, 63-mm-long glass U-tube.
Figure 4
(a) Schematic of the passive phase separator (PPS). Separation of liquid–gas streams in microgravity is achieved utilizing centrifugal forces to promote droplet collisions onto surfaces. Liquid is then wicked into and driven along the interior corners. (b) Aluminum vanes coated with carbon black nanoparticles for insertion into PPS (refer Figure 5).
Figure 5
(a) Solid model exploded view of PPS. Gray components are aluminum, yellow capillary vanes are carbon black-coated aluminum, and the red helical core is 3D printed PLA. (b) Solid model of the assembled PPS rotated 90°, with sketch of the flow path. The letters (l) and (a) denote liquid and air, respectively.
Figure 6
A droplet of urine, 2.0 mm in radius, distilled on a 90° grooved SH plate held at 140°C. A wetting transition is observed between t = 100 and 103 s, where the droplet radius is reduced below 0.9 mm—an approximately 92% reduction in volume.
Figure 7
A droplet rolling with linear velocity u on a heated tilted substrate exceeding the liquid's Leidenfrost point.
Figure 8
(a) Isometric and (b) section view of the Leidenfrost distiller.
Figure 9
Final water recovery system build with thermal insulation removed.
Figure 10
Thermal images from (a) baseline carbon black nanoparticle–aluminum-coated fin at room temperature and (b) exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. (c) Aluminum vane coated with activated carbon CEP21k-H2O solution with 20 wt% of 15-nm gold nanoparticle constituent added and exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. Temperatures in Fahrenheit.
Figure 11
Top view of the Leidenfrost distiller operating at 230°C with droplets of 40 mS saltwater flowing through the distiller.
Figure 12
(a) Percent distillate outlet from distiller. (b) Saltwater droplet evaporation rates in distiller at 230°C and 310°C.
Figure 13
Salinity of the influent saltwater, effluent distillate, and effluent brine at various intervals during Leidenfrost distiller testing.
Mass, power, volume, and ESM for ISS WRS and Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven WRS.
Parameters
ISS WRS
Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven WRS
Mass (kg)
1380
245
Power (W)
560
650
Volume (m
3
)
3.14
0.5
ESM (kg)
1506
392
Sample values used to compute residence time.
T
d
(C)
T
s
(°C)
T
o
(°C)
k
v
(W/mK)
ρ
l
(kg/m
3
)
100
230
20
29.9E-3
958.3
ρ
v
(kg/m
3
)
μ
v
(Pa-s)
c
p
(J/kgK)
h
fg
(J/kg)
k
(m/s)
0.49
1.15E-5
4182
2256E3
3.18E-5
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