[Allen, P. 1997. The Concept of Woman: The Aristotelian Revolution, 750 B.C.–C.E. 1250. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eeerdmans.]Search in Google Scholar
[Arjava, A. 1996. Women and Laws in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ashforth, B. E. and Mael, F. 1989. “Social Identity Theory and the Organization.” The Academy of Management Review 14/1 (1989), pp. 20–39.10.5465/amr.1989.4278999]Search in Google Scholar
[Barber, J. 1955. The Road from Eden: Studies in Christianity and Culture. Palo Alto, CA: Academica Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bauman, R. 1992. Women and Politics in Ancient Rome. London & New York: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Beauvoir, S. 1973. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage Books.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bierkan, A. T., C. P. Sherman, and E. Stocquart. 1907. “Marriage in Roman Law.” The Yale Law Journal, 16/5 (1907), pp. 303–327.10.2307/785389]Search in Google Scholar
[Billings, D. W. 2017. Acts of the Apostles and the Rhetoric of Roman Imperialism. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781316946251]Search in Google Scholar
[Birke, L. 2001. “In Pursuit of Difference: Scientific Studies of Women and Men” in The Gender and Science Reader, M. Lederman & I. Bartsch (eds.). London & New York: Routledge, pp. 309–322.]Search in Google Scholar
[Boserup, E. 1970. Woman’s Role in Economic Development. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brown, R. 1995. “Livy’s Sabine Women and the Ideal of Concordia.” Transactions of the American Philological Society, 12 (1995), pp. 291–319.10.2307/284357]Search in Google Scholar
[Brownmiller, S. 1975. Against Our Will, Men, Women and Rape. New York: Simon & Schuster.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brundage, J. A. 1987. Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226077895.001.0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York & London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Clark, G. 1993. Women in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Clark, P. 1998. “Women, Slaves and the Hierarchies of Domestic Violence” in Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture: Differential Equations, S. R. Joshel and S. Murnaghan (eds.). London & New York: Routledge, pp. 109–129.]Search in Google Scholar
[Clark, P. A. and Rose, M. L. 2013. “Psychiatric Disability and the Galenic Medical Matrix” in Disabilities in Roman Antiquity: Disparate Bodies, a capite ad calcem, Christian Laes, et al (eds.). Leiden: Brill, pp. 45–72.10.1163/9789004251250_004]Search in Google Scholar
[Cloke, G. 1995. This Female Man of God: Women and Spiritual Power in the Patristic Age, AD 350–450. London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Condor, S. G. 1986. “Sex Role Beliefs and ‘Traditional’ Women: Feminist and Intergroup Perspectives” in Feminist Social Psychology, S. Wilkinson (ed.). Milton Keynes: Open University Press, pp. 97–118.]Search in Google Scholar
[Connell, R. W. 2005. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Coole, L. 1988. Women in Political Theory: From Ancient Misogyny to Contemporary Feminism. Sussex: Wheatsheaf.]Search in Google Scholar
[Culham, P. 2014. “Women in the Roman Republic” in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic, H. I. Flower (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–159.10.1017/CCOL0521807948.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Dixon, S. 1988. The Roman Mother. London: University of Oklahoma Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dixon, S. 2001. Reading Roman Women: Sources, Genres and Real Life. London: Duckworth.]Search in Google Scholar
[Doherty, L. E. 2001. Gender and the Interpretation of Classical Myth. London: Duckworth.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dossey, L. 2008. “Wife Beating and Manliness in Late Antiquity.” Past and Present 199 (2008), pp. 3–40.10.1093/pastj/gtn003]Search in Google Scholar
[Douglas, M. 1966. Purity and Danger. New York & London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dover, K. J. 1989. Greek Homosexuality. London & New York: Bloomsbury Academic.]Search in Google Scholar
[Edwards, T. 2006. Cultures of Masculinity. London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Engel, D. M. 2000. “The Gender Egalitarianism of Musonius Rufus.” Ancient Philosophy 20 (2000), pp. 377–391.10.5840/ancientphil200020235]Search in Google Scholar
[Fagan, G. G. 2011. “Violence in Roman Social Relations.” The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations, M. Peachin (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195188004.013.0022]Search in Google Scholar
[Finley, M. I. 2002. “The Silent Women of Rome” in Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World: Reading and Source, L. K. McClure (ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 147–162.10.1002/9780470756188.ch5]Search in Google Scholar
[Foster, W. H. 2010. Gender, Mastery and Slavery: From European to Atlantic World Frontiers. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-0-230-31358-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Fox, R. L. 1987. Pagans and Christians. New York: Knopf.]Search in Google Scholar
[Frier, B. W. and T. A. J. McGinn. 2004. A Casebook on Roman Family Law. New York: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gaca, K. L. 2011. “Girls, Women, and the Significance of Sexual Violence in Ancient Warfare” in Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones, E. Heineman (ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 73–88.10.9783/9780812204346.73]Search in Google Scholar
[Gardner, J. F. 1986. Women in Roman Law and Society. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.10.4324/9780203317099]Search in Google Scholar
[Garlan, Y. 1988. Slavery in Ancient Greece. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Garner, B. A. 2004. Black’s Law Dictionary. 8th ed., St. Paul, MN: West Group.]Search in Google Scholar
[Garnsey, P. and R. P. Saller. 1987. The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. California: University of California Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gillian, C. 1993. Women in Late Antiquity: Pagan and Christian Life Styles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, P. 2002. “Some Unseen Monster: Rereading Lucretius on Sex” in Roman Gaze: Vision, Power, and the Body. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 86–109.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hacker, H. M. 1951. “Women as a Minority Group,” Social Forces 30, 1, pp. 60–69.10.2307/2571742]Search in Google Scholar
[Hall, E. T. 1959. The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hallett, J. P. 1989. “Women as Same and Other in the Classical Roman Elite.” Helios 16/1 (1989), pp. 59–78.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hallett, J. P. 2012. “Women in Augustan Rome” in A Companion to Women in the Ancient World, S. L. James and S. Dillon (eds.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell, pp. 372–384.10.1002/9781444355024.ch27]Search in Google Scholar
[Halperin, D. 1990. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality and Other Essays on Greek Love. New York & London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Harper, K. 2011. Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511973451]Search in Google Scholar
[Hill, L. 2001. “The First Wave of Feminism: Were the Stoics Feminists?” History of Political Thought 22 (2001), pp. 13–40.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jeffers, J. A. 1999. The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era: Exploring the Background of Early Christianity. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Joshel, S. R. 1992. Work, Identity, and Legal Status at Rome: A Study of the Occupational Inscription. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Joshel, S. R. 2010. Slavery in the Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Joshel, S. R. and S. Murnaghan. 1998. “Introduction: Differential Equations” in Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture: Differential Equations, S. R. Joshel and S. Murnaghan (eds.). London & New York: Routledge, pp. 1–21.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kadish, S. H. and S. J. Schulhofer. 2001. Criminal Law and Its Processes: Cases and Materials. 7th ed., New York: Wolters Kluwer.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kassen, W. 1984. “Musonius Rufus, Jesus, and Paul: Three First-Century Feminists” in From Jesus to Paul: Studies in Honour of Francis Wright Beare, P. Richardson and J. C. Hurd (eds.). Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 185–206.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kerber L. K., J. S. De Hart, and C. H. Dayton. 1995. Women’s America, 4th ed. New York: Basil Blackwell.]Search in Google Scholar
[Larson, J. 2012. Greek and Roman Sexualities: A Sourcebook. London: Bloomsbury.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lerner, G. 1986. The Creation of Patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Llewellyn-Jones, L. 2011. “Domestic Abuse and Violence against Women in Ancient Greece” in Social Man: Essays on Ancient Greek Social Behaviour in Honour of Nick Fisher, S. D. Lambert (ed.). Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, pp. 231–266.10.2307/j.ctvvn9fm.16]Search in Google Scholar
[Loraux, N. 1993. The Children of Athena. Athenian Ideas about Citizenship and the Division between the Sexes, translated by C. Levine. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691236834]Search in Google Scholar
[McGinn, T. A. J. 2002. “The Augustan Marriage Legislation and Social Practice: Elite Endogamy versus Male ‘Marrying Down’” Speculum Iuris: Roman Law as a Reflection on Social and Economic Life in Antiquity, J. J. Aubert and B. Sirks (eds.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 46–93.]Search in Google Scholar
[Miles, G. 1995. Reconstructing Early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Milnor, K. 2005. Gender, Domesticity and the Age of Augustus: Inventing Private Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mitchell, L. E. 2008. “Women and Roman Law” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History, B. G. Smith (ed.). Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 425.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moses, D. C. 1993. “Livy’s Lucretia and the Validity of Coerced Consent in Roman Law” in Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies, A. E. Laiou (ed.). Dumbarton: Dumbarton Oaks, pp. 39–82]Search in Google Scholar
[Myers, A. D. 2017. Blessed Among Women?: Mothers & Motherhood in the New Testament. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190677084.001.0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Nguyen, N. N. 2006. “Roman Rape: An Overview of Roman Rape Laws from the Republican Period to Justinian’s Reign.” Michigan Journal of Gender and Law, 13/1 (2006), pp. 75–112.]Search in Google Scholar
[Noy, D. “Wicked Stepmothers in Roman Society and Imagination” Journal of Family History, 16 (1991), pp. 345–61.10.1177/036319909101600402]Search in Google Scholar
[Oakley, A. 1972. Sex, Gender, and Society. London: Temple Smith.]Search in Google Scholar
[O’Brien, J. M. 2014. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acref:obso/9780199836994.001.0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Osiek, C and J. Pouya. 2010. “Constructions of Gender in the Roman Imperial World” in Understanding the Social World of the New Testament, D. Neufeld and R. DeMaris (eds.). London and New York: Routledge, pp. 44–56.]Search in Google Scholar
[Parker, H. N. 1998. “Loyal Slaves and Loyal Wives: The Crisis of the Outsider-Within and Roman Exemplum Literature” in Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture: Differential Equations. London: Routledge, pp. 152–173.]Search in Google Scholar
[Patterson, O. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Phang, S. E. 2008. Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511497872]Search in Google Scholar
[Pomeroy, S. B. 1975. Goddesses, Whores, Slaves: Women in classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken Books.]Search in Google Scholar
[Russell, J. C. 1958. Late Ancient and Medieval Population, vol. 48. 3. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society.10.2307/1005708]Search in Google Scholar
[Richlin, A. 1992. The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor. New York: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ruggini, L. C. 1989. “Juridical Status and Historical Role of Women in Roman Patriarchal Society.” Klio 71 (1989), pp. 604–619.10.1515/9783112525067-034]Search in Google Scholar
[Saller, R. P. 1991. “Corporeal Punishment, Authority, and Obedience in the Roman Household” in Marriage, Divorce, and Children in Ancient Rome, Beryl Rawson (ed.). Oxford, U.K, pp. 115–144.]Search in Google Scholar
[Saller, R. P.1994. Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511582998]Search in Google Scholar
[Saller, R. P. 1998. “Symbols of Gender and Status Hierarchies in the Roman Household” in Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture: Differential Equations, S. R. Joshel & S. Murnaghan (eds.). London & New York: Routledge, pp. 85–91.]Search in Google Scholar
[Segal, E. 1987. Roman Laughter: The Comedy of Plautus. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Severy, B. 2003. Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire. London and New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203211434]Search in Google Scholar
[Skinner, M. 1997. “Introduction” in Roman Sexualities, J. Hallett and M. Skinner (eds.). Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 3–25.]Search in Google Scholar
[Smart, C. 1990. “Law’s Power, the Sexed Body, and Feminist Discourse.” Journal of Law and Society, 17/2 (1990), pp. 194–210.10.2307/1410085]Search in Google Scholar
[Stichele, C. V. and T. Penner. 2009. Contextualizing Gender in Early Christian Discourse. London & New York: Bloomsbury.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. C. 1986. “The Social Identity Theory of Inter-Group Behavior” in Psychology of Intergroup Relations, S. Worchel and L. W. Austin (eds.). 2nd ed. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, pp. 7–24.]Search in Google Scholar
[Terry, D. J. and M. A. Hogg. 1996. “Group Norms and the Attitude-Behavior Relationship. A Role for Group Identification.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22 (1996), pp. 776–793.10.1177/0146167296228002]Search in Google Scholar
[Treggiari, S. 1991. Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuge from the Time of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Veyne, P. 2002. The Roman Empire, translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Walters, J. 1997. “Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought” in Roman Sexualities, J. P. Hallett and M. B. Skinner (eds.). Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 29–46.10.1515/9780691219547-003]Search in Google Scholar
[Watson, P. 1995. Ancient Stepmothers: Myth, Misogyny and Reality. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004329485]Search in Google Scholar
[Wiesner, M. E. 2000. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wilchins, R. A. 2004. Queer Theory, Gender Theory: An Instant Primer. Los Angeles: Alyson Books.]Search in Google Scholar
[Williams, J. A. and H. Giles. 1978. “The Changing Status of Women in Society: An Intergroup Perspective” in Differentiation between Social Groups, H. Tajfelé (ed.). London: Academic, pp. 431–446.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wilson, M. I. and M. Daly. 1996. “Male Sexual Proprietariness and Violence against Wives.” Current Directions in Psychological Sciences 5 (1996), pp. 2–7.10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772668]Search in Google Scholar
[Wilson, M. I. and M. Daly. 1998. “Lethal and Nonlethal Violence against Wives and the Evolution Psychology of Male Sexual Proprietariness.” in Rethinking Violence Against Women, R. Dobash (ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 199–230.10.4135/9781452243306.n8]Search in Google Scholar
[Winkler, J. J. 1990. The Constraints of Desire. New York & London: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Witten, T. M. 2003. “Transgender and Transsexuality” in Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World’s Cultures, C. R. Ember & M. Ember (eds.). Vol. 2. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 216–229.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wyke, M. 1994. “Women in the Mirror: the Rhetoric of Adornment in the Roman World” in Women in Ancient Societies: An Illusion of the Night, L. J. Archer, S. Fischler & M. Wyke (eds.). London: Macmillan, pp. 134–151.10.1007/978-1-349-23336-6_8]Search in Google Scholar
[Zeitlin, F. 1996. Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.]Search in Google Scholar