About this article
Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Dec 31, 2024
Page range: 13 - 23
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0038
Keywords
© 2024 Nina Tarzyńska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Fig. 1.
![Wound healing process with an adequately fitted dressing. (figure based on [4])](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/676002707306cc7e87212114/j_ftee-2024-0038_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250914%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T021401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=1715117b0aced9fa38fc702ec86e1cc7490ceadd016f40124b4d835082569aad&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2
![Prospects for the global dressing market (figure based on [5])](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/676002707306cc7e87212114/j_ftee-2024-0038_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250914%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T021401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=168c6c8f01dc757373e33564297758b28a336c51b98a359af2288d5797604e0a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3.
![TIMERS concept (figure based on [29])](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/676002707306cc7e87212114/j_ftee-2024-0038_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250914%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T021401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e80f2eb491f1227d70a06abd9082f31995ac5e9397edc537ab96765b4c518788&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
![Mode of action of the hydrogel dressing in the case of- a) dry wounds, b) wounds with exudate (figure based on [34])](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/676002707306cc7e87212114/j_ftee-2024-0038_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250914%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T021401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0274449d02ccb354627ab47a12e5bd39c1a038485387d37e62313b98fcff5a7f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8
![Mode of action of the a) super absorption dressing and b) superabsorbent polymer (figure based on [36])](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/676002707306cc7e87212114/j_ftee-2024-0038_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250914%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T021401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=fb7809980f0aef9bda37aef224e1f9355fc3137c7410c27516d678f1ec90cbc4&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Type and properties of dressings (table based on [25])
| – |
– Protection against dehydration |
| – |
– Protection against infection and injury |
| – |
– For wounds with little exudate and epithelial wounds |
| – |
– Occlusive |
| – Completely protects the wound from the external environment | |
| – |
– For clean granulation wounds |
| – |
– Protection against dehydration |
| – |
– Promoting an optimal environment for wound healing |
| – Actively interacting with the wound surface by filling in tissue defects to stimulate granulation or protecting non-viable tissue to stimulate wound debridement. |
Types of dressing and their properties
| Hydrogel | KIKGEL (Aqua-Gel®) | bedsores, diabetic foot, burns |
provide adequate moisture to the wound high volume of MVTR a moderate volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| Hartmann (HydroTac® Transparent Comfort) | burns | ||
| Lohamann & Rauscher (Suprasorb G) | bedsores, ulcers, burns | ||
| Derma Sciences (Medihoney® HCS, Medihoney® HCS with adhesive border) | bedsores, ulcers | ||
| Hydrocolloid | Convatec (Granuflex™ Extra Thin, Granuflex™, Granuflex™ Signal, Granuflex™ Bordered) | bedsores, ulcers, burns |
create a moist environment that enhances wound healing low volume of MVTR, low volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| Hartmann (Hydrocoll®, Hydrocoll® Thin) | bedsores, ulcers, burns | ||
| TZMO (Medisorb H) | bedsores, ulcers, burns | ||
| Superabsorbent | Hartmann (Zetuvit® Plus) | bedsores, ulcers |
minimise adhesion to the wound and effectively manage exudate a moderate volume of MVTR high volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| Mölnlycke (Mextra Superabsorbent®) | bedsores, ulcers | ||
| Lohmann & Rauscher (Vliwasorb® Pro, Vliwasorb® Adhesive) | bedsores, ulcers, burns, postoperative | ||
| Advancis Medica (Eclypse Adherent) | bedsores, ulcers | ||
| Abigo Medical (Sorbact® Superabsorbent) | bedsores, ulcers | ||
| Convatec (ConvaMax™ Superabsorber) | bedsores, ulcers | ||
| Absorbent | Lohmann & Rauscher (Vliwaktiv®) | bedsores, ulcers, burns |
absorb wound exudate and provide a relatively dry wound environment high volume of MVTR high volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| Zarys (Elastopor Steril) | postoperative, little to no exudate | ||
| Abigo Medical (Sorbact® Absorbtion Dressing) | ulcers, postoperative, infected | ||
| Coloplast (Biatain® Super Adhesive) | burns, ulcers, postoperative | ||
| Lohmann & Rauscher (Vliwazell®) | heavy exudate | ||
| Calcium alginate | Hartmann (Sorbalgon®) | bedsores, ulcers, burns |
generate moderate to profuse exudate and require additional support to keep them in place high volume of MVTR a moderate volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| TZMO (Medisorb A) | bedsores, diabetic foot, ulcers | ||
| Convatec (Kaltostat™) | ulcers, bleeding heavily | ||
| Lohmann & Rauscher (Suprasorb® A) | bedsores | ||
| Foam | TZMO (Medisorb P Plus Adhesive) | bedsores, burns |
create a moist environment that promotes wound healing high volume of MVTR high volume of free swell absorptive capacity |
| Mölnlycke (Mepilex® Border EM, Mepilex® EM, Mepilex® Border) | bedsores, diabetic foot, burns, ulcers | ||
| Convatec (Aquacel™ Foam, Aquacel™ Foam Non Adhesive, Foam Lite™) | bedsores, diabetic foot, burns, ulcers | ||
| Smith & Nephew (Allevyn Adhesive) | bedsores, diabetic foot, burns, ulcers | ||
| Coloplast (Biatain® Non Adhesive) | bedsores, diabetic foot, burns, ulcers | ||
| Abigo Medical (Sorbact® Foam) | infected | ||
| Lohmann & Rauscher (Suprasorb® P, Suprasorb® P Sensitive Border) | bedsores, ulcers, burns | ||
| Hartmann (HydroTac, HydroTac® Transparent Comfort) | bedsores |
Mechanical properties of dressings
| Hydrogels | 12.2 ± 2.6 | 629 ± 412 | 15.0 ± 5.5 | 498 ± 285 |
| Hydrocolloids | 19.4 ± 6.4 | 1653 ± 616 | 18.4 ± 6.2 | 1659 ± 593 |
| Superabsorbents | 61.8 ± 26.6 | 51 ± 37 | 43.1 ± 13.5 | 102 ± 48 |
| Absorbents | 62.2 ± 42.5 | 48 ± 26 | 60.7 ± 47.8 | 69 ± 26 |
| Alginates | 16.7 ± 6.9 | 22 ± 9 | 7.4 ± 3.5 | 35 ± 12 |
| Foams | 17.9 ± 7.3 | 769 ± 249 | 18.5 ± 7.5 | 762 ± 229 |