The impact of extra long-term storage of logging residues on fuel quality in Estonian conditions – a case study

Anerud, E., Jirjis, R., Larsson, G., Eliasson, L. 2018. Fuel quality of stored wood chips – Influence of semi-permeable covering material. – Applied Energy, 231, 628–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.157. AnerudE. JirjisR. LarssonG. EliassonL. 2018 Fuel quality of stored wood chips – Influence of semi-permeable covering material Applied Energy 231 628 634 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.157. Search in Google Scholar

Bowyer, J.L., Shmulsky, R., Haygreen, J.G. 2003. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction. 4th Edition. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press. 554 pp. BowyerJ.L. ShmulskyR. HaygreenJ.G. 2003 Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction 4th Edition Ames, Iowa Iowa State University Press 554 pp. Search in Google Scholar

ENMAK 2035. 2023. Strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the Energy Economy Development Plan until 2035. (Energiamajanduse arengukava aastani 2035 keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine). [WWW document]. – URL https://kliimaministeerium.ee/enmak_ksh. [Accessed 11 November 2023]. (In Estonian). ENMAK 2035 2023 Strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the Energy Economy Development Plan until 2035. (Energiamajanduse arengukava aastani 2035 keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine) [WWW document]. – URL https://kliimaministeerium.ee/enmak_ksh. [Accessed 11 November 2023]. (In Estonian). Search in Google Scholar

EVS-EN ISO 18122. 2015. Solid biofuels – Determination of ash content. Estonian Centre for Standardisation. [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-eniso-18122-2015. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. EVS-EN ISO 18122 2015 Solid biofuels – Determination of ash content. Estonian Centre for Standardisation [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-eniso-18122-2015. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

EVS-EN ISO 18125. 2017. Solid biofuels – Determination of calorific value. Estonian Centre for Standardisation. [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/et/evs-en-iso-18125-2017. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. EVS-EN ISO 18125 2017 Solid biofuels – Determination of calorific value. Estonian Centre for Standardisation [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/et/evs-en-iso-18125-2017. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

EVS-EN ISO 18134-2. 2017. Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 2: Total moisture – Simplified method. Estonian Centre for Standardisation. [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-en-iso-18134-2-2017. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. EVS-EN ISO 18134-2 2017 Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 2: Total moisture – Simplified method. Estonian Centre for Standardisation [WWW document]. – URL https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-en-iso-18134-2-2017. [Accessed 10 December 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Filbakk, T., Høibø, O.A., Dibdiakova, J., Nurmi, J. 2011. Modelling moisture content and dry matter loss during storage of logging residues for energy. – Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 26(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2011.553199. FilbakkT. HøibøO.A. DibdiakovaJ. NurmiJ. 2011 Modelling moisture content and dry matter loss during storage of logging residues for energy Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 26 3 267 277 https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2011.553199. Search in Google Scholar

Forest. 2023. Yearbook Forest 2021. (Aastaraamat Mets 2021). – Sirkas, F., Valgepea, M. (eds.). Tallinn, Keskkonnaagentuur. 337. pp. (In Estonian). Forest 2023 Yearbook Forest 2021. (Aastaraamat Mets 2021) SirkasF. ValgepeaM. (eds.). Tallinn Keskkonnaagentuur 337. pp. (In Estonian). Search in Google Scholar

Hofmann, N., Mendel, T., Schulmeyer, F., Kuptz, D., Borchert, H., Hartmann, H. 2018. Drying effects and dry matter losses during seasonal storage of spruce wood chips under practical conditions. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.03.022. HofmannN. MendelT. SchulmeyerF. KuptzD. BorchertH. HartmannH. 2018 Drying effects and dry matter losses during seasonal storage of spruce wood chips under practical conditions Biomass and Bioenergy 196 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.03.022. Search in Google Scholar

Jirjis, R. 1995. Storage and drying of wood fuel. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 9, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00090-9. JirjisR. 1995 Storage and drying of wood fuel Biomass and Bioenergy 9 181 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00090-9. Search in Google Scholar

Jirjis, R., Lehtikangas, P. 1993. Fuel quality and dry matter loss during storage of logging residues in a windrow. (Bränslekvalitet och substansförluster vid vältlagring av hyggesrester). – Report No. 236. Uppsala, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 26 pp. (In Swedish). JirjisR. LehtikangasP. 1993 Fuel quality and dry matter loss during storage of logging residues in a windrow. (Bränslekvalitet och substansförluster vid vältlagring av hyggesrester) Report No. 236. Uppsala The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 26 pp. (In Swedish). Search in Google Scholar

Kuptz, D., Lesche, S., Mendel, T., Mack, R., Rist, E., Schön, C., Hartmann, H. 2020. Fuel properties, dry matter losses and combustion behavior of wood chips stored at aerobic and anaerobic conditions. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 142, 105745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105745. KuptzD. LescheS. MendelT. MackR. RistE. SchönC. HartmannH. 2020 Fuel properties, dry matter losses and combustion behavior of wood chips stored at aerobic and anaerobic conditions Biomass and Bioenergy 142 105745 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105745. Search in Google Scholar

Nilsson, B., Blom, T., Thörnqvist, T. 2013. The influence of two different handling methods on the moisture content and composition of logging residues. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 52, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.026. NilssonB. BlomT. ThörnqvistT. 2013 The influence of two different handling methods on the moisture content and composition of logging residues Biomass and Bioenergy 52 34 42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.026. Search in Google Scholar

Nurmi, J. 1999. The storage of logging residue for fuel. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 17, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00023-9. NurmiJ. 1999 The storage of logging residue for fuel Biomass and Bioenergy 17 41 47 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00023-9. Search in Google Scholar

Nurmi, J., Hillebrand, K. 2001. Storage alternatives affect fuelwood properties of Norway spruce logging residues. – New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 31, 289–297. NurmiJ. HillebrandK. 2001 Storage alternatives affect fuelwood properties of Norway spruce logging residues New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 31 289 297 Search in Google Scholar

Pari, L., Scarfone, A., Santangelo, E., Gallucci, F., Spinelli, R., Jirjis, R., Del Giudice, A., Barontini, M. 2017. Long term storage of poplar chips in Mediterranean environment. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 107, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.007. PariL. ScarfoneA. SantangeloE. GallucciF. SpinelliR. JirjisR. Del GiudiceA. BarontiniM. 2017 Long term storage of poplar chips in Mediterranean environment Biomass and Bioenergy 107 1 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.007. Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team. 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [WWW document]. – URL http://www.r-project.org/. [Accessed 12 December 2023]. R Core Team 2019 R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria [WWW document]. – URL http://www.r-project.org/. [Accessed 12 December 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Routa, J., Kolström, M., Ruotsalainen, J., Sikanen, L. 2015a. Precision measurement of forest harvesting residue moisture change and dry matter losses by constant weight monitoring. – International Journal of Forest Engineering, 26, 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2015.1012900. RoutaJ. KolströmM. RuotsalainenJ. SikanenL. 2015a Precision measurement of forest harvesting residue moisture change and dry matter losses by constant weight monitoring International Journal of Forest Engineering 26 71 83 https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2015.1012900. Search in Google Scholar

Routa, J., Kolström, M., Ruotsalainen, J., Sikanen, L. 2015b. Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of small diameter stem wood. – Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 36, 283–291. RoutaJ. KolströmM. RuotsalainenJ. SikanenL. 2015b Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of small diameter stem wood Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering 36 283 291 Search in Google Scholar

Routa, J., Kolström, M., Ruotsalainen, J., Sikanen, L. 2016. Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of logging residues during storage. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 94, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.019. RoutaJ. KolströmM. RuotsalainenJ. SikanenL. 2016 Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of logging residues during storage Biomass and Bioenergy 94 85 93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.019. Search in Google Scholar

Routa, J., Kolström, M., Sikanen, L. 2018. Dry matter losses and their economic significance in forest energy procurement. – International Journal of Forest Engineering, 29, 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2018.1421332. RoutaJ. KolströmM. SikanenL. 2018 Dry matter losses and their economic significance in forest energy procurement International Journal of Forest Engineering 29 53 62 https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2018.1421332. Search in Google Scholar

Saarman, E., Veibri, U. 2006. Wood Science. (Puiduteadus). Tartu, Eesti Metsaselts. 560 pp. (In Estonian). SaarmanE. VeibriU. 2006 Wood Science. (Puiduteadus) Tartu Eesti Metsaselts 560 pp. (In Estonian). Search in Google Scholar

Whittaker, C., Yates, N.E., Powers, S.J., Misselbrook, T., Shield, I. 2018. Dry matter losses and quality changes during short rotation coppice willow storage in chip or rod form. – Biomass and Bioenergy, 112, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.005. WhittakerC. YatesN.E. PowersS.J. MisselbrookT. ShieldI. 2018 Dry matter losses and quality changes during short rotation coppice willow storage in chip or rod form Biomass and Bioenergy 112 29 36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.005. Search in Google Scholar