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The use of woody plants in Estonian and Livonian manor ensembles during the second half of the 17th century

Sulev Nurme

Sulev Nurme

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Nurme, Sulev
  
Sep 18, 2020
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Article Category: Research paper
Published Online: Sep 18, 2020
Page range: 75 - 90
Received: Dec 01, 2019
Accepted: Jun 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0007
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© 2020 Sulev Nurme, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Views of Porkuni (above) (TÜR KAF 37591) and Lihula Manorial core in 1683 (TÜR KAF 39024) drawn by Samuel Waxelberg.
Views of Porkuni (above) (TÜR KAF 37591) and Lihula Manorial core in 1683 (TÜR KAF 39024) drawn by Samuel Waxelberg.

Figure 2

On the left: Manorial core of Vana-Antsla in 1688 (EAA 308.2.186 Sheet 1). The position of the manor core is set by the moat and artificial lakes. On the right is a plan of Koluvere manorial core (EAA 854.4.469 Sheet 32): the position of the manorial core is set by the fortified residence and fortifications connected to it (moat, entrenchment), also by the access to the fortified residence and river that was flooded for the purpose of protection.
On the left: Manorial core of Vana-Antsla in 1688 (EAA 308.2.186 Sheet 1). The position of the manor core is set by the moat and artificial lakes. On the right is a plan of Koluvere manorial core (EAA 854.4.469 Sheet 32): the position of the manorial core is set by the fortified residence and fortifications connected to it (moat, entrenchment), also by the access to the fortified residence and river that was flooded for the purpose of protection.

Figure 3

Raasiku Manor in 1690 shows a typical Estonian early baroque villa concept: A – main building with cour d’honneur; B – gardens; C – paddock for horses with its location directly near the ensemble is quite typical of Estonian manor planning in the 1680–90s; D – main road with alley. The main axis is clearly highlighted with the alley which is designed in this place for aesthetic reasons (EAA 1.2.C-III-37 Sheet 1).
Raasiku Manor in 1690 shows a typical Estonian early baroque villa concept: A – main building with cour d’honneur; B – gardens; C – paddock for horses with its location directly near the ensemble is quite typical of Estonian manor planning in the 1680–90s; D – main road with alley. The main axis is clearly highlighted with the alley which is designed in this place for aesthetic reasons (EAA 1.2.C-III-37 Sheet 1).

Figure 4

Vasula Manor core in 1783 by Carl Otto von Gyllenschmidt (AM 4646:21 G 6930).
Vasula Manor core in 1783 by Carl Otto von Gyllenschmidt (AM 4646:21 G 6930).

Figure 5

Kasti Manor core in 1687. On the map is shown the location of an old fortress and the new main building, also a small rectangular garden in the upper part of the manor core. (EAA 1.2.C-IV-240 Sheet 1).
Kasti Manor core in 1687. On the map is shown the location of an old fortress and the new main building, also a small rectangular garden in the upper part of the manor core. (EAA 1.2.C-IV-240 Sheet 1).

Figure 6

Garden detail from Birini Manor (Livonia) in the 1780s, reconstruction according to a sketch by Johann Wilhelm Krause. Upper section plantings were planned as a quincunx-ornament; the lower section displays different types of ornamental plantings (Nurme, 2019).
Garden detail from Birini Manor (Livonia) in the 1780s, reconstruction according to a sketch by Johann Wilhelm Krause. Upper section plantings were planned as a quincunx-ornament; the lower section displays different types of ornamental plantings (Nurme, 2019).

Figure 7

Examples of garden design elements. On the right is a plan of Koigi Manor Park bosquettes in 1800 (EAA 2072.5.49 Sheet 1). On the left is a plan of Kangruselja Manor Park parterres in 1790 (EAA 2072.3.426e Sheet 30).
Examples of garden design elements. On the right is a plan of Koigi Manor Park bosquettes in 1800 (EAA 2072.5.49 Sheet 1). On the left is a plan of Kangruselja Manor Park parterres in 1790 (EAA 2072.3.426e Sheet 30).

Figure 8

Reconstruction of the general layout of Cesis Castle gardens. The reconstruction above is based on a partially damaged map from the 1690s (see also Janelis, 2010).
Reconstruction of the general layout of Cesis Castle gardens. The reconstruction above is based on a partially damaged map from the 1690s (see also Janelis, 2010).
Language:
English
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Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Plant Science, Ecology, Life Sciences, other
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