Time to recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors among pediatric patients admitted in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia, 2022

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Nutritional status and feeding characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_

Characteristics	Total, N (%)	Outcome variable, N (%)
		Censored, N = 50	Recovered, N = 541
WFA
Normal	509 (86.13)	41 (8.1)	468 (91.9)
Underweight	82 (13.87)	9 (11.0)	73 (89.0)
WFH
Normal	497 (84.09)	41 (8.2)	456 (91.8)
Wasted	94 (15.91)	9 (9.6)	85 (90.4)
HFA
Normal	492 (83.25)	36 (7.3)	456 (92.7)
Stunted	99 (16.75)	14 (14.1)	85 (85.9)
Mode of infant feeding
Breast milk	379 (64.13)	33 (8.7)	346 (91.3)
Formula	30 (5.08)	2 (6.7)	28 (93.3)
Cow milk	182 (30.80)	15 (8.2)	167 (91.8)
Exclusive breastfeeding
Yes	397 (67.17)	37 (9.3)	360 (90.7)
No	194 (32.83)	13 (6.7)	181 (93.3)

Clinical and therapeutic regimen characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_

Characteristics	Total, N (%)	Outcome variable, N (%)
		Censored, N = 50	Recovered, N = 541
Danger sign during admission
No	115 (19.46)	2 (1.7)	113 (98.3)
Yes	476 (80.54)	48 (10.1)	428 (89.9)
Hypoxia during admission
No	343 (58.04)	5 (1.5)	338 (98.5)
Yes	248 (41.96)	45 (18.1)	203 (81.9)
Fever during admission
No	209 (35.36)	19 (9.1)	190 (90.9)
Yes	382 (64.64)	31 (8.1)	351 (91.9)
Respiratory distress
No	187 (31.64)	4 (2.1)	183 (97.9)
Yes	404 (68.36)	46 (11.4)	358 (88.6)
Vomiting everything
No	483 (81.73)	36 (7.5)	447 (92.5)
Yes	108 (18.27)	14 (13.0)	94 (87.0)
Altered consciousness
No	539 (91.20)	31 (5.8)	508 (94.2)
Yes	52 (8.80)	19 (36.5)	33 (63.5)
Inability to breastfeeding or drink
No	363 (61.42)	9 (2.5)	354 (97.5)
Yes	228 (38.58)	41 (18.0)	187 (82.0)
Abnormal body movement/convulsion
No	589 (99.66)	48 (8.1)	541 (91.9)
Yes	2 (0.34)	2 (100.0)	-
Antibiotic first given
Ceftriaxone	338 (57.19)	29 (8.6)	309 (91.4)
Crystalline penicillin	45 (7.61)	2 (4.4)	43 (95.6)
Ampicillin and gentamicin	208 (35.19)	19 (9.1)	189 (90.9)
Antibiotic change after admission
No	267 (45.18)	12 (4.5)	255 (95.5)
Yes	324 (54.82)	38 (11.7)	286 (88.3)
Co-morbidity
No	395 (66.84)	32 (8.1)	363 (91.9)
Yes	196 (33.16)	18 (9.2)	178 (90.8)
Birth weight during birth (g)
<2500	61 (10.32)	4 (6.6)	57 (93.4)
>2500	530 (89.68)	46 (8.7)	484 (91.3)
Gestational age (weeks)
<37	84 (14.21)	8 (9.5)	76 (90.5)
37–42	507 (85.79)	42 (8.3)	465 (91.7)
Presentation to seek care (days)
5	203 (34.35)	32 (15.8)	171 (84.2)
<5	388 (65.65)	18 (4.6)	370 (95.4)

Socio-demographic characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_

Characteristics	Total, N (%)	Outcome variable, N (%)
		Censored, N = 50	Recovered, N = 541
Sex
Male	359 (60.74)	18 (5.0)	341 (95.0)
Female	232 (39.26)	32 (13.8)	200 (86.2)
Age (years)
<1	308 (52.12)	33 (10.7)	275 (89.3)
1–5	170 (28.76)	9 (5.3)	161 (94.7)
5–14	113 (19.12)	8 (7.1)	105 (92.9)
Residency
Urban	211 (35.70)	11 (5.2)	200 (94.8)
Rural	380 (64.30)	39 (10.3)	341 (89.7)

Incidence rate and median recovery time of children with severe pneumonia in each age group category admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at NICU of MTUTH Hospital, Ethiopia, 2022_

Birthweight category	Events	Total time at risk	Incidence rate/100 (95% CI)	Median recovery time
<1 year (n = 308)	275	1224	22.47 (95% CI: 19.96–25.28)	4
1–5 years (n = 170)	161	618	26.10 (95% CI: 22.32–30.40)	4
>5 years (n = 113)	105	403	26. 05 (95% CI: 21.52–31.54)	3

Results of the bivariate and multivariable analysis of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of the MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022_

Predictor	CHR (95% CI)	AHR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)
<1	0.83 (0.66–1.04)	0.92 (0.72–1.17)	0.496
1–5	0.98 (0.77–1.25)	0.96 (0.74–1.24)	0.754
>5	1	1.00
Respiratory distress
No	1	1.00
Yes	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	0.95 (0.78–1.17)	0.642
Vomiting everything
No	1	1.00
Yes	0.79 (0.63–0.99)	0.84 (0.67–1.06)	0.142
Antibiotic changed
No	1	1.00
Yes	0.89 (0.76–1.06)	0.88 (0.74–1.05)	0.148
Infant feeding
Breast milk	1	1.00
Formula	1.65 (1.12–2.44)	1.29 (0.81–2.03)	0.279
Cow milk	1.03 (0.85–1.24)	0.81 (0.64–1.04)	0.102
Exclusive Breastfeeding
Yes	1	1.00
No	1.18 (0.98–1.41)	1.3 (1.03–1.66)	0.025*
Altered level of consciousness
No	1	1.00
Yes	0.64 (0.45–0.92)	0.71 (0.49–1.04)	0.077
Unable to suck
No	1	1.00
Yes	0.75 (0.63–0.89)	0.81 (0.65–0.99)	0.048*