Nurses’ attitude toward patients’ safety climate during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study†
, , , , and | Mar 26, 2024
About this article
Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Mar 26, 2024
Page range: 39 - 46
Received: Mar 22, 2023
Accepted: Sep 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0004
Keywords
© 2024 Asra Nassehi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Demographic characteristics of nurses.
| Variables | Frequent | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| 20–25 | 25 | 14.6 |
| 26–30 | 46 | 26.9 |
| 31–36 | 41 | 24.0 |
| 37–45 | 46 | 26.9 |
| 46 and more | 13 | 7.6 |
| Male | 53 | 31.0 |
| Female | 118 | 69.0 |
| Single | 60 | 35.1 |
| Married | 111 | 64.9 |
| Associate degree | 13 | 7.6 |
| Bachelor and above | 158 | 63.2 |
| Morning | 54 | 31.4 |
| Night | 20 | 11.9 |
| Morning and night | 97 | 56.7 |
| Yes | 22 | 12.9 |
| No | 149 | 87.1 |
| Yes | 97 | 56.7 |
| No | 74 | 43.3 |
| Clinical nurse | 138 | 80.7 |
| Nursing manager | 33 | 19.3 |
Mean and deviation of safety climate and its dimensions based on demographic characteristics.
| Variable | Cumulative burnout | Education | Communicate with doctors | Communicate with nurses | Supervisors’ attitude | Error reporting | Safety climate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 2.79 ± 0.91 | 3.05 ± 0.61 | 2.94 ± 0.73 | 3.39 ± 0.86 | 2.88 ± 0.78 | 3.33 ± 0.62 | 3.04 ± 0.47 |
| Female | 2.43 ± 0.86 | 2.83 ± 0.92 | 2.97 ± 0.85 | 3.42 ± 0.81 | 2.96 ± 0.88 | 3.53 ± 0.75 | 2.95 ± 0.65 |
| Single | 2.45 ± 0.94 | 2.90 ± 0.89 | 2.87 ± 0.88 | 3.34 ± 0.91 | 2.91 ± 0.86 | 3.28 ± 0.81 | 2.91 ± 0.68 |
| Married | 2.59 ± 0.85 | 2.90 ± 0.81 | 3.01 ± 0.78 | 3.45 ± 0.78 | 2.95 ± 0.85 | 3.57 ± 0.64 | 3.02 ± 0.56 |
| Associate degree | 2.41 ± 1.05 | 2.80 ± 1.06 | 2.69 ± 1.04 | 3.20 ± 1.06 | 3.10 ± 1.20 | 3.10 ± 1.01 | 2.83 ± 0.93 |
| Bachelor and more | 2.55 ± 0.87 | 2.91 ± 0.82 | 2.98 ± 0.80 | 3.43 ± 0.80 | 2.90 ± 0.82 | 3.50 ± 0.68 | 2.99 ± 0.57 |
| Clinical nurse | 2.46 ± 0.92 | 2.88 ± 0.81 | 2.89 ± 0.80 | 3.41 ± 0.83 | 2.87 ± 0.87 | 3.43 ± 0.72 | 2.93 ± 0.61 |
| Nursing manager | 2.87 ± 0.65 | 2.95 ± 0.96 | 3.23 ± 0.83 | 3.41 ± 0.79 | 3.23 ± 0.70 | 3.63 ± 0.70 | 3.16 ± 0.55 |
| Yes | 2.59 ± 0.96 | 2.58 ± 0.85 | 2.62 ± 0.74 | 3.22 ± 0.74 | 2.68 ± 0.96 | 3.46 ± 0.70 | 2.80 ± 0.61 |
| No | 2.54 ± 0.88 | 2.95 ± 0.83 | 3.01 ± 0.82 | 3.44 ± 0.83 | 2.98 ± 0.83 | 3.47 ± 0.72 | 3.0 ± 0.60 |
| Yes | 2.58 ± 0.88 | 2.86 ± 0.76 | 2.91 ± 0.78 | 3.35 ± 0.77 | 2.85 ± 0.69 | 3.43 ± 0.67 | 2.95 ± 0.5 |
| No | 2.50 ± 0.89 | 2.94 ± 0.93 | 3.03 ± 0.86 | 3.49 ± 0.89 | 3.05 ± 1.01 | 3.52 ± 0.77 | 3.02 ± 0.71 |
Correlation between safety climate dimensions.
| Variable | Cumulative burnout | Educating nurses | Communicate with doctors | Communicate with nurses | Supervisors’ attitude | Error reporting | Safety climate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative burnout | 1 | ||||||
| Educating nurses | 0.329 | 1 | |||||
| Communicate with doctors | 0.345 | 0.537 | 1 | ||||
| Communicate with nurses | 0.246 | 0.522 | 0.571 | 1 | |||
| Supervisors’ attitude | 0.333 | 0.541 | 0.558 | 0.511 | 1 | ||
| Error reporting | 0.296 | 0.497 | 0.495 | 0.452 | 0.444 | 1 | |
| Safety climate | 0.659 | 0.806 | 0.763 | 0.710 | 0.743 | 0.678 | 1 |
Mean and standard deviation of answers to the questions related to measuring nurses’ attitude toward patient safety climate.
| Questions | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In general, I do not feel physically exhausted. | 1 | 5 | 2.37 | 1.147 |
| I don’t feel mentally tired. | 1 | 5 | 2.39 | 1.123 |
| I have the necessary time to recover from fatigue even though I work in this hospital. | 1 | 4 | 2.60 | 1.066 |
| Although I work in this hospital, I have enough time to sleep. | 1 | 5 | 2.67 | 1.127 |
| If I make a mistake or an error, supervisor doesn’t blame me before hearing what I say. | 1 | 5 | 2.72 | 1.185 |
| In our department, there is enough time to rest between work periods. | 1 | 5 | 2.72 | 1.129 |
| In this hospital, I can access the latest healthcare knowledge. | 1 | 5 | 2.77 | 1.070 |
| In this hospital, appropriate training is given to each nurse with regard to nursing skills needed. | 1 | 5 | 2.84 | 0.986 |
| Physicians do not give vague orders to nurses or the nursing team. | 1 | 5 | 2.89 | 1.037 |
| In this hospital, appropriate skills training is provided for new nurses. | 1 | 5 | 2.91 | 1.011 |
| If I make a mistake, the physician does not reprimand or blame me before hearing my explanations. | 1 | 5 | 2.92 | 1.037 |
| Supervisors provide appropriate instructions on nursing skills for me. | 1 | 5 | 2.95 | 1.105 |
| In this hospital, nurses receive on-the-job training to improve their nursing skills. | 1 | 5 | 2.98 | 1.014 |
| In this hospital, there are many educational opportunities to improve the abilities of nurses. | 1 | 5 | 3.02 | 1.098 |
| Information about errors and mistakes that may happen is shared between nurses and physicians. | 1 | 5 | 3.08 | 0.997 |
| There is a good climate among nurses to proactively prevent errors. | 1 | 5 | 3.09 | 1.036 |
| When nurses propose measures for the safety of patients, the supervisor shares them with me. | 1 | 5 | 3.16 | 1.014 |
| The results of reporting errors and mistakes are reflected in the workplace. | 1 | 5 | 3.34 | 0.977 |
| When someone makes a mistake, the nurses discuss and exchange opinions with each other about ways to improve the situation. | 1 | 5 | 3.43 | 1.090 |
| Reports of errors and mistakes have increased the awareness of nurses on patient safety. | 1 | 5 | 3.53 | 0.890 |
| Reports of errors and mistakes are related to safety training. | 1 | 5 | 3.56 | 0.848 |
| Nurses help each other. | 1 | 5 | 3.73 | 0.927 |
Mean and standard deviation of safety climate and its dimensions in the included nurses.
| Variable | Mean | S.D | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative burnout | 2.54 | 0.89 | 1 | 4.40 |
| Educating nurses | 2.90 | 0.84 | 1 | 5.00 |
| Communicate with doctors | 2.96 | 0.82 | 1 | 5.00 |
| Communicate with nurses | 3.41 | 0.82 | 1 | 5.00 |
| Supervisors’ attitude | 2.94 | 0.85 | 1 | 5.00 |
| Error reporting | 3.47 | 0.71 | 1 | 5.00 |
| safety climate | 2.98 | 0.60 | 1 | 4.59 |