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Validity and reliability of the evaluation tool of TCM confidence in students with TCM learning experience

Rui-Min Jia

Rui-Min Jia

School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhong, China
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Jia, Rui-Min
, 
Xiao-Ning Yan

Xiao-Ning Yan

Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhong, China
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Yan, Xiao-Ning
, 
Xing-Yu Liu

Xing-Yu Liu

School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhong, China
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Liu, Xing-Yu
 and 
Jin-Nan Wang

Jin-Nan Wang

School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhong, China
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Wang, Jin-Nan
  
Dec 18, 2023
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Dec 18, 2023
Page range: 465 - 469
Received: Mar 17, 2023
Accepted: May 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0049
Keywords
© 2023 Rui-Min Jia et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Demographic characteristics of participants_

Item Pretesting acquisition entry (N = 200) Factor analysis and reliability analysis (N = 500) Evaluating structure/content validity (N = 200)
N % N % N %
Gender
  Male 35 17.5 57 11.4 38 19
  Female 165 82.5 443 88.6 162 81
Grade
  Sophomore 57 28.5 153 30.6 63 31.5
  Junior 89 44.5 187 37.4 78 39.0
  Senior 54 27.0 160 32.0 59 29.5

Results of discriminant validity between 2 groups (M± SD)_

Group No Scores: cognition of TCM culture and theory Scores: advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment Scores: feelings about TCM achievements Scores: personal behaviors related to TCM Scores: attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine Scores: attitudes towards the future of TCM Scores: total content
1 412 23.11 ± 4.17 28.13 ± 6.17 20.45 ± 5.23 21.07 ± 4.71 18.78 ± 6.57 33.19 ± 7.22 142.70 ± 18.61
2 88 20.18 ± 5.21 14.21 ± 5.71 17.38 ± 4.67 10.61 ± 6.18 16.32 ± 4.36 23.62 ± 7.54 103.28 ± 25.37
T-value 5.36 14.16 4.34 19.76 3.76 17.18 29.25
p <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Contents of the questionnaire_

Observed aspects Items
The cognition of TCM culture and theory A1 People foremostA2 Benevolent mind and heartA3 The story of “Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs gotten poisoned by 70 poisons”A4 Harmony in human and natureyA5 Famous doctors like Hua Tuo, Bian Que & Li ShizhenA6 Yin-yang and 5 elements, organs, meridians theory organs &meridians theory
Advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment B1 “Syndrome differentiation and treatment” & “Holistic treatment”B2 TCM is naturally sourcedB3 TCM is economical, effective, easy to perform & convenienceB4 TCM focuses on health preservation &preventive treatment of diseaseB5 TCM has flexible & diverse treatment methodsB6 TCM is good at treating many diseases such as breathing, digestion, gynecology rheumatism, joints, etc.,
Feelings about TCM achievements C1 Tu You-you won the Nobel Prize in LiteratureC2 Chinese Acupuncture was listed in the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010C3 TCM is the crucial prevent & treatment for Novel Coronavirus
Personal behaviors related to TCM D1 Engaged in TCM related workD2 Tell others about the advantages of TCM diagnosis & treatment, & also the knowledge/skills of TCM health preservationD3 Apply TCM health care like Qigong & Tai Chi into your daily life
Attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine E1 Chinese and western medicine should complement each other in the treatment of diseasesE2 Not clear about the characteristics & advantages of Chinese combined with Western medicine in treating diseases
Attitudes towards the future of TCM F1 The government policies enhance the development of TCMF2 Modern technology improve the development of TCMF3 China’s economic development provides conditions for boosting TCMF4 “One Belt & One Road” strengthens the influence of TCMF5 The health needs of human beings

Factor loading of observed items in the questionnaire_

Cognition of TCM culture and theory Advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment Feelings about TCM achievements Personal behaviors related to TCM Attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine Attitudes towards the future of TCM
Items Loading Items Loading Items Loading Items Loading Items Loading Items Loading
A3 0.83 B2 0.72 C1 0.81 D3 0.72 E1 0.70 F3 0.75
A5 0.74 B4 0.72 C2 0.76 D2 0.67 E2 0.57 F2 0.78
A4 0.73 B3 0.67 C3 0.70 D1 0.61 F4 0.78
A2 0.67 B6 0.65 F1 0.64
A1 0.65 B1 0.63 F5 0.52
A6 0.50 B5 0.53  
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing
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