<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Objective</h3>
<p>To determine and compare the abilities of ShotBlocker and cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injections. Subcutaneous injection has been used excessively for continuous, low-dose administration of drugs. Considering that these drugs may require prolonged administration, new devices and methods of injection are needed to decrease pain and anxiety associated with repeated drug injections.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Methods</h3>
<p>A quasi-experimental study design on a purposive sample of 54 patients comprised of both sexes has been utilized. The subjects were divided into 2 equal groups (group 1, ShotBlocker; group 2, cryotherapy), and 3 tools were used, namely the socio-demographic and medical data sheet, Verbal Descriptor Scale for measuring pain, and Beck Anxiety Inventory.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>A significant reduction in pain and anxiety mean scores was observed after using cryotherapy and ShotBlocker techniques during subcutaneous injection. In addition, the ShotBlocker group exhibited significantly lower pain and anxiety mean scores compared with the cryotherapy group.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>Our findings revealed that ShotBlocker and cryotherapy were effective non-pharmacological methods for reducing pain and anxiety levels associated with repeated subcutaneous injections.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objective
To determine and compare the abilities of ShotBlocker and cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injections. Subcutaneous injection has been used excessively for continuous, low-dose administration of drugs. Considering that these drugs may require prolonged administration, new devices and methods of injection are needed to decrease pain and anxiety associated with repeated drug injections.


Methods
A quasi-experimental study design on a purposive sample of 54 patients comprised of both sexes has been utilized. The subjects were divided into 2 equal groups (group 1, ShotBlocker; group 2, cryotherapy), and 3 tools were used, namely the socio-demographic and medical data sheet, Verbal Descriptor Scale for measuring pain, and Beck Anxiety Inventory.


Results
A significant reduction in pain and anxiety mean scores was observed after using cryotherapy and ShotBlocker techniques during subcutaneous injection. In addition, the ShotBlocker group exhibited significantly lower pain and anxiety mean scores compared with the cryotherapy group.


Conclusions
Our findings revealed that ShotBlocker and cryotherapy were effective non-pharmacological methods for reducing pain and anxiety levels associated with repeated subcutaneous injections.

ShotBlocker versus cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injection

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective
To determine and compare the abilities of ShotBlocker and cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injections....

ShotBlocker versus cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injection

Article Category: Original Article

Published Online: Sep 21, 2023

Page range: 363 - 371

Received: Oct 01, 2022

Accepted: Dec 15, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0039

Keywords
anxiety, cryotherapy, pain, ShotBlocker, subcutaneous injection

© 2023 Dalia Masoud Elsaid Hafez et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ShotBlocker versus cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injection

Article Category: Original Article

Published Online: Sep 21, 2023

Page range: 363 - 371

Received: Oct 01, 2022

Accepted: Dec 15, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0039

Keywordsanxiety, cryotherapy, pain, ShotBlocker, subcutaneous injection

© 2023 Dalia Masoud Elsaid Hafez et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
anxiety, cryotherapy, pain, ShotBlocker, subcutaneous injection