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Enhanced germination of seeds native to Brazil: A comparative analysis between free and nanoencapsulated gibberellic acid in Dyckia sp. (Bromeliaceae)

Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula
, 
Hugo Roldi Guariz
Hugo Roldi Guariz
, 
Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes
Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes
, 
Gabriel Danilo Shimizu
Gabriel Danilo Shimizu
, 
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
, 
Halley Caixeta de Oliveira
Halley Caixeta de Oliveira
, 
Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
 and 
Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira
Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira
   | Dec 31, 2023
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Published Online: Dec 31, 2023
Page range: 403 - 418
Received: Aug 14, 2023
Accepted: Oct 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0029
Keywords
© 2023 Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Dyckia cabrerae SDM as a function of GA3 doses. GA3, gibberellic acid; SDM, seedling dry mass.
Dyckia cabrerae SDM as a function of GA3 doses. GA3, gibberellic acid; SDM, seedling dry mass.

Figure 2.

GERM (A), GSI (B), MGT (C), FGC (D), length (SL) (E) and SDM (F) of Dyckia dusenii as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; GERM, germination; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.
GERM (A), GSI (B), MGT (C), FGC (D), length (SL) (E) and SDM (F) of Dyckia dusenii as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; GERM, germination; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.

Figure 3.

MGT (A), FGC (B), length (SL) (C) and SDM (D) of Dyckia pottiorum as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.
MGT (A), FGC (B), length (SL) (C) and SDM (D) of Dyckia pottiorum as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.

Figure 4.

GERM (A), GSI (B), MGT (C), FGC (D), length (SL) (E) and SDM (F) of Dyckia walteriana as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; GERM, germination; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.
GERM (A), GSI (B), MGT (C), FGC (D), length (SL) (E) and SDM (F) of Dyckia walteriana as a function of GA3 doses. FGC, first germination count; GA3, gibberellic acid; GERM, germination; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length.

Figure 5.

Curve of water absorption by the seeds of Dyckia cabrerae without (A) and with GA3 (B) and D. pottiorum without (C) and with GA3 (D) at a dose of 0.75 mg · L−1. GA3, gibberellic acid.
Curve of water absorption by the seeds of Dyckia cabrerae without (A) and with GA3 (B) and D. pottiorum without (C) and with GA3 (D) at a dose of 0.75 mg · L−1. GA3, gibberellic acid.

Figure 6.

Water absorption curve by Dyckia dusenii seeds without (A) and with GA3 (B) and D. walteriana without (C) and with GA3 (D) at a dose of 5.0 mg · L−1. GA3, gibberellic acid.
Water absorption curve by Dyckia dusenii seeds without (A) and with GA3 (B) and D. walteriana without (C) and with GA3 (D) at a dose of 5.0 mg · L−1. GA3, gibberellic acid.

Figure 7.

GERM (A) and FGC (B) of Dyckia walteriana seeds as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; FGC, first germination count; GA3 gibberellic acid; GERM, Germination; NP, nanoparticle; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.
GERM (A) and FGC (B) of Dyckia walteriana seeds as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; FGC, first germination count; GA3 gibberellic acid; GERM, Germination; NP, nanoparticle; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.

Figure 8.

GSI (A) and MGT (B) of Dyckia walteriana seeds as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; GA3 gibberellic acid; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; NP, nanoparticle; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.
GSI (A) and MGT (B) of Dyckia walteriana seeds as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; GA3 gibberellic acid; GSI, germination speed index; MGT, mean germination time; NP, nanoparticle; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.

Figure 9.

Length (SL) (A) and dry mass (SDM) (B) of Dyckia walteriana seedlings as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; GA3 gibberellic acid; NP, nanoparticle; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.
Length (SL) (A) and dry mass (SDM) (B) of Dyckia walteriana seedlings as a function of different doses and types of gibberellic acid formulation (GA3). ALG, sodium alginate; CS, chitosan; GA3 gibberellic acid; NP, nanoparticle; SDM, seedling dry mass; SL, seedling length; TPP, sodium tripolyphosphate.

p-value of the F test of the analysis of variance and CV (%) for the variables: FGC (%), GERM (%), AS (%), GSI, MGT (days), SL (mm) and SDM (mg) of seedlings for the species Dyckia cabrerae, D. dusenii, D. pottiorum and D. walteriana as a function of doses of GA3.

D. cabrerae
FGC GERM AS GSI MGT SL SDM
p-value 0.8012 0.8558 0.9081t 0.8954 0.7463 0.8915 <0.001
CV (%) 41.14 16.33 50.42 7.35 4.86 5.49 10.10
D. dusenii
p-value 0.0037 <0.001 0.9844t <0.001 0.0211 0.0011 <0.001
CV (%) 26.34 11.45 40.2 13.00 5.40 8.65 11.08
D. pottiorum
p-value 0.0102 0.3135 0.8692t 0.9646 0.0166 0.0403 <0.001
CV (%) 23.44 14.95 37.86 17.23 7.81 16.02 14.80
D. walteriana
p-value <0.001 <0.001 - <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
CV (%) 15.80 6.00 - 5.18 3.16 2.89 5.78

p-value analysis of variance and CV (%) for the variables: FGC (%), GERM (%), AS (%), GSI, MGT (days), SL (mm) and SDM (mg) of seedlings for treatments NP ALG/CS-GA3, NP CS/TPP-GA3, NP ALG/CS and NP CS/ TPP at different doses.

FGC GERM AS GSI MGT SL SDM
NP ALG/CS-GA3
p-value <0.001 <0.001 - <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
CV (%) 14.56 5.41 - 3.41 3.65 2.35 7.09
Mean - - 3.14 - - - -
NP CS/TPP-GA3
p-value <0.001 <0.001 - <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
CV (%) 14.97 7.24 - 4.23 3.27 1.97 6.44
Mean - - 2.29 - - - -
NP ALG/CS
p-value 0.414 0.064 - <0.001 0.024 0.053 0.474
CV (%) 22.68 10.74 - 6.08 3.20 4.70 11.18
Mean 11.0 42.0 2.71 7.45 - 7.06 7.09
NP CS/TPP
p-value 0.669 0.057 - <0.001 0.006 0.003 0.406
CV (%) 22.09 11.18 - 3.49 2.56 2.72 8.28
Mean 11.0 38.0 3.14 7.06 - - 2.24

Viability by tetrazolium test (%), germination (%) and water content (%) of Dyckia spp. after harvest (10 days) and after storage (270 days).

Species Viability Germination Water content
10 days 270 days 10 days 270 days 10 days 270 days
Dyckia cabrerae 79 68 71 38 9.2 8.5
Dyckia dusenii 81 71 75 36 9.5 8.9
Dyckia pottiorum 88 69 84 45 8.7 8.1
Dyckia walteriana 78 73 75 37 8.4 7.7
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