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Studies of the pollen characteristics and the taxonomic significance of Impatiens from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau

Hai-hao He

Hai-hao He

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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He, Hai-hao
, 
Ming-lan Ma

Ming-lan Ma

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Ma, Ming-lan
, 
Xin-yi Chen

Xin-yi Chen

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Chen, Xin-yi
, 
Xin-yi Li

Xin-yi Li

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Li, Xin-yi
, 
Fan Li

Fan Li

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Li, Fan
, 
Qiu-yan Zhao

Qiu-yan Zhao

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Zhao, Qiu-yan
, 
Xiao-shuai He

Xiao-shuai He

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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He, Xiao-shuai
, 
Yi Tan

Yi Tan

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Tan, Yi
, 
Su-ping Qu

Su-ping Qu

Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming, China
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Qu, Su-ping
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Hai-quan Huang

Hai-quan Huang

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Huang, Hai-quan
 and 
Mei-juan Huang

Mei-juan Huang

College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming, China
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Huang, Mei-juan
  
Dec 31, 2023
Studies of the pollen characteristics and the taxonomic significance of Impatiens from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau's Cover Image
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Published Online: Dec 31, 2023
Page range: 347 - 368
Received: Dec 01, 2022
Accepted: Jul 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0025
Keywords
© 2023 Hai-hao He et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

SEM image of Impatiens pollen. (A) Observation method and measurement index marking of Impatiens pollen: 1 PV; 2 EV; 5 polar axis; 6 equatorial major axis; 7 equatorial minor axis; 8 sprouting hole; 9 mesh; 10 mesh; 1 and 2 mirror multiple, 3 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 3 mirror multiple is 7 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 4 mirror multiple is 3 000, scale bar, 2 μm. (B) Pollen morphology of Impatiens: 1 rectangular circle, 2 oval, 3 triangular circle, 4 pillow shape, 5 nearly circular. (C) Impatiens pollen ornamentation: 1 reticulate pattern, 2 wavy reticulate pattern, 3 reticulate spinous granule. EV, equatorial view; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.
SEM image of Impatiens pollen. (A) Observation method and measurement index marking of Impatiens pollen: 1 PV; 2 EV; 5 polar axis; 6 equatorial major axis; 7 equatorial minor axis; 8 sprouting hole; 9 mesh; 10 mesh; 1 and 2 mirror multiple, 3 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 3 mirror multiple is 7 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 4 mirror multiple is 3 000, scale bar, 2 μm. (B) Pollen morphology of Impatiens: 1 rectangular circle, 2 oval, 3 triangular circle, 4 pillow shape, 5 nearly circular. (C) Impatiens pollen ornamentation: 1 reticulate pattern, 2 wavy reticulate pattern, 3 reticulate spinous granule. EV, equatorial view; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 2.

Proportion analysis of pollen characteristics of Impatiens. (A) Proportion analysis of SN of Impatiens. (B) Analysis on the proportion of EO of Impatiens. (C) Percentage analysis of PV morphological characteristics of Impatiens. (D) Percentage analysis of EV morphological characteristics of Impatiens. (E) CGP proportion analysis of pollen of Impatiens. (F) Analysis on the proportion of NGP of Impatiens. (G) Analysis on the proportion of MF of pollen. (H) Proportion analysis of reticulate RF of pollen. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; MF, mesh feature; NGP, number of germination pores; RF, ridge feature; SN, sepal number.
Proportion analysis of pollen characteristics of Impatiens. (A) Proportion analysis of SN of Impatiens. (B) Analysis on the proportion of EO of Impatiens. (C) Percentage analysis of PV morphological characteristics of Impatiens. (D) Percentage analysis of EV morphological characteristics of Impatiens. (E) CGP proportion analysis of pollen of Impatiens. (F) Analysis on the proportion of NGP of Impatiens. (G) Analysis on the proportion of MF of pollen. (H) Proportion analysis of reticulate RF of pollen. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; MF, mesh feature; NGP, number of germination pores; RF, ridge feature; SN, sepal number.

Figure 3.

Correlation analysis of pollen characteristics. More intense colour indicates a higher correlation. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; E1, equatorial major axis length; E2, equatorial short axis length; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; GPL, germination pore length; GPW, germination pore width; L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width; MD, mesh density; MF, mesh feature; NS, number of sepals; P, polar axis length; PV, polar view; RF, ridge feature; RW, ridge width.
Correlation analysis of pollen characteristics. More intense colour indicates a higher correlation. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; E1, equatorial major axis length; E2, equatorial short axis length; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; GPL, germination pore length; GPW, germination pore width; L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width; MD, mesh density; MF, mesh feature; NS, number of sepals; P, polar axis length; PV, polar view; RF, ridge feature; RW, ridge width.

Figure 4.

Phylogenetic tree of pollen micromorphology of Impatiens based on systematic cluster analysis. The red dotted line is 23, and the yellow dashed line is 9. The serial number values are consistent with those in Table 1.
Phylogenetic tree of pollen micromorphology of Impatiens based on systematic cluster analysis. The red dotted line is 23, and the yellow dashed line is 9. The serial number values are consistent with those in Table 1.

Figure 5.

Based on grouping analysis of Impatiens. (a) Proportion of 35 species of Impatiens. (b) Analysis of inter-group differences based on polar axis length (P). (c) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the equatorial major axis length (E1). (d) Analysis of differences between groups based on the length of equatorial minor axis length (E2). (e) Analysis of differences between groups based on pollen volume (V). (f) Analysis of differences between groups based on MD. (g-h) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the length and width of Germinating pore (GPL/GPW). (i) Analysis of difference between groups based on RW. All abbreviations used in the table must be explained, also letters (a-c). MD, mesh density; RW, ridge width.
Based on grouping analysis of Impatiens. (a) Proportion of 35 species of Impatiens. (b) Analysis of inter-group differences based on polar axis length (P). (c) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the equatorial major axis length (E1). (d) Analysis of differences between groups based on the length of equatorial minor axis length (E2). (e) Analysis of differences between groups based on pollen volume (V). (f) Analysis of differences between groups based on MD. (g-h) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the length and width of Germinating pore (GPL/GPW). (i) Analysis of difference between groups based on RW. All abbreviations used in the table must be explained, also letters (a-c). MD, mesh density; RW, ridge width.

Figure 6.

Heat map of interspecific similarity of Impatiens. The number in the blue area is the same as the species serial number in Table 1. More intense colour indicates higher similarity.
Heat map of interspecific similarity of Impatiens. The number in the blue area is the same as the species serial number in Table 1. More intense colour indicates higher similarity.

Figure 7.

Pollen characteristics of Impatiens based on grouping.
Pollen characteristics of Impatiens based on grouping.

Supplementary Figure 1.

Flower morphology of 48 species, including varieties, of Impatiens from Yunnan and Guizhou. The serial number is the same as that of attached Supplementary Table 1.
Flower morphology of 48 species, including varieties, of Impatiens from Yunnan and Guizhou. The serial number is the same as that of attached Supplementary Table 1.

Supplementary Figure 2.

Pollen micromorphological map. From top to bottom, PV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); EV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (7 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (12 000-fold, ruler 1 μm). PV, polar view.
Pollen micromorphological map. From top to bottom, PV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); EV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (7 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (12 000-fold, ruler 1 μm). PV, polar view.
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Principal component analysis table of pollen micromorphological characteristics of Impatiens_

Bartlett sphericity test F = 0.000
Composition 1 2 3 4 5
Contribution rate (%) Contribution rate 29.53 15.53 13.90 10.97 10.53
Cumulative contribution rate 29.53 45.06 58.96 69.93 80.45
Characteristic index P 0.92 0.13 0.29 −0.10 −0.05
P/E1 0.87 −0.37 −0.04 0.12 −0.23
E2 0.87 0.38 0.15 −0.21 −0.10
EV 0.85 −0.45 −0.03 0.04 −0.09
E1/E2 −0.85 0.07 0.16 0.00 0.37
NGP 0.84 −0.45 0.01 0.12 −0.05
V 0.79 0.45 0.32 −0.21 0.02
RF 0.74 0.16 −0.39 0.30 −0.02
PV 0.68 −0.21 0.28 0.14 0.34
RW 0.56 −0.09 −0.21 −0.51 0.20
EO 0.54 0.47 −0.33 0.45 −0.06
NS 0.53 −0.33 −0.06 −0.09 0.43
E1 0.05 0.70 0.51 −0.33 0.29
P/E2 0.09 −0.65 0.28 0.30 0.15
CGP 0.18 0.58 −0.07 −0.13 −0.52
L/W 0.48 0.57 −0.31 0.38 0.28
GPL 0.33 0.12 0.81 0.15 0.02
MD −0.33 0.39 0.21 0.67 −0.08
MF 0.08 0.05 −0.35 −0.63 −0.01
GPW −0.22 −0.35 0.42 −0.10 −0.58

Based on the grouping category of Impatiens: analysis of the difference of quantitative characters of pollen among groups_

Group Size MD RW Germinating pore
P E1 E2 V P/E1 P/E2 E1/E2 L W L/W
Racemosae 14.36 ± 0.62 a 27.61 ± 1.23 a 14.19 ±0.77 a 5640.37 ± 621.58 a 0.52 ±0.02 a 1.01 ± 0.05 ab 1.95 ± 0.1 b 24.94 ± 6.86 be 0.55 ±0.16 a 6.69 ±0.59 a 0.34 ± 0.11 a 21.47 ± 7.05 a
Impatiens 14.92 ± 1.19 a 26.3 ±2.17 a 14.37 ± 1.55 a 5737.18 ± 1483.27 a 0.57 ± 0.03 a 1.04 ± 0.04 ab 1.84 ±0.08 b 38.73 ± 17.12 c 0.39 ±0.09 a 8.32 ± 1.54 ab 0.64 ± 0.59 a 25.31 ±21.91 a
Clavicarpa 23.95 ± 0.61 d 25.64 ± 0.18 a 22.18 ± 2.61 d 13594.53 ± 1350.08 d 0.94 ± 0.03 b 1.1 ± 0.16 b 1.17 ± 0.13 a 6.58 ± 1.64 a 0.8 ± 0.16 b 9.31 ± 2.7 ab 0.37 ±0.29 a 38.23 ± 22.35 a
Uniflorae4 17.36 ± 0.79 b 31.68 ± 4.76 b 17.52 ± 1.53 b 9585.56 ± 1239.67 b 0.56 ± 0.1 a 0.99 ± 0.04 ab 1.83 ± 0.37 b 32 ± 14.23 bc 0.52 ± 0.05 a 6.96 ± 0.79 a 0.3 ±0.04 a 24.02 ± 5.36 a
Scorpioidae 19.07 ± 0.98 c 32.79 ± 0.64 b 19.73 ±0.58 c 12333.19 ± 753.2 cd 0.58 ± 0.04 a 0.97 ±0.02 a 1.66 ± 0.08 b 41.75 ± 12.63 c 0.44 ± 0.11 a 8.3 ± 1.41 ab 0.16 ± 0.08 a 68.16 ± 43.37 a
Fasciculatae 17.07 ± 1.63 b 31.25 ± 0.82 b 16.84 ± 1.57 b 9077.09 ±1805.97 b 0.55 ±0.04 a 1.01 ±0.02 ab 1.87 ±0.14 b 16.5 ±3.01 ab 0.51 ±0.05 a 8.82 ± 0.08 ab 0.44 ± 0.25 a 23.7 ± 8.61 a
Undetermined 18.1 ±0.7 bc 33.47 ± 1.11 b 18.36 ±0.85 bc 11137.07 ± 997.89 c 0.54 ± 0.03 a 0.99 ± 0.04 ab 1.83 ± 0.08 b 31.28 ± 16.75 bc 0.63 ±0.13 ab 9.72 ± 1.74 b 0.35 ±0.09 a 28.33 ±3.39 a

Statistics of pollen micromorphological characteristics of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau_

N Species Epidermal ornamentation Shape
PV EV
1 I. siculifer Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
2 I. pinetorum Reticulate Pillow Oval
3 I. rectangula Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
4 I. ruiliensis Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
5 I. holocentra Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
6 I. siculifer var. Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
7 I. racemosa Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
8 I. uliginosa1 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
9 I. uliginosa2 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
10 I. uliginosa3 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
11 I. uliginosa4 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
12 I. cyathiflora Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
13 I. dicentra Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
14 I. dicentra var. Reticulate Oval Oval
15 I. noli-tangere Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
16 I. corchorifolia Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
17 I. delavayi Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
18 I. guizhouensis Reticulate Triangular circle Triangular circle
19 I. auriculata Corrugated reticulation Triangular circle Triangular circle
20 I. monticola var. Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
21 I. chlorosepala Reticulate Oval Oval
22 I. xanthina Reticulate Rectangular circle Near circle
23 I. monticola Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
24 I. yui Reticulate spinous granule Rectangular circle Oval
25 I. rubrostriata Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
26 I. loulanensis Reticulate Oval Oval
27 I. arguta1 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
28 I. arguta2 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
29 I. arguta3 Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
30 I. fanjinica Reticulate Pillow Oval
31 I. fanjinica var. Reticulate Pillow Oval
32 I. reptans Reticulate Pillow Oval
33 I. reptans var. Reticulate Pillow Oval
34 I. pianmaensis Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval
35 I. pianmaensis var. Reticulate Rectangular circle Oval

Analysis on the characteristics of pollen quantitative index of Impatiens_

Index Average value Maximum value Minimum value
Polar axis length (P) (μm) 16.55       24.48       13.29      
Equatorial major axis length (E1) (μm)       29.49       36.65       23.63      
Equatorial short axis length (E2) (μm)       16.39       24.42       12.61      
Pollen volume (V) (μm3) 8277.23       14760.12       3958.54      
P/E1       0.57       0.96       0.46      
P/E2       1.01       1.23       0.93      
E1/E2       1.83       2.22       1.06      
GPL (μm)       7.96       11.64       5.37      
GPW (μm)       0.38       1.58       0.09      
L/W       27.35       105.78       5.45      
MD       27.77       64.67       5.33      
RW (μm)       0.54       0.94       0.3      

Characteristics of pollen germination pores of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau_

N Germinating pore
Number Characteristics L (μm) W (μm) L/W
1 4 Depression 6.16 ± 0.03 0.54 ± 0.02 11.42 ± 0.37
2 4 Depression 6.59 ± 0.04 0.48 ± 0.02 13.84 ± 0.38
3 4 Depression 6.59 ± 0.58 0.29 ± 0.02 22.78 ± 2.62
4 4 Depression 6.2 ± 0.02 0.44 ± 0.03 14.12 ± 0.83
5 4 Depression 7.45 ± 0.02 0.21 ± 0.01 35.51 ± 1.60
6 4 Depression 6.53 ± 0.03 0.45 ± 0.03 14.54 ± 0.82
7 4 Depression 5.37 ± 0.02 0.25 ± 0.02 21.55 ± 1.68
8 4 Depression 7.3 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.01 20.68 ±0.63
9 4 Depression 7.39 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.02 26.76 ± 1.4
10 4 Depression 6.87 ± 0.06 0.25 ± 0.02 27.9 ± 1.66
11 4 Depression 6.91 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.02 24.78 ± 1.84
12 4 Depression 6.87 ± 0.02 0.29 ± 0.02 23.78 ± 1.71
13 4 Bulge 10.34 ± 0.05 0.84 ± 0.05 12.39 ±0.61
14 4 Depression 8.59 ± 0.05 1.58 ± 0.04 5.45 ± 0.09
15 4 Depression 6.64 ± 0.03 0.31 ± 0.02 21.21 ± 0.95
16 4 Depression 6.94 ± 0.06 0.11 ± 0.02 61.95 ± 7.62
17 4 Depression 9.1 ± 0.05 0.36 ± 0.01 25.53 ± 0.69
18 3 Depression 11.64 ± 0.03 0.61 ± 0.01 18.98 ± 0.19
19 3 Depression 6.97 ± 0.03 0.12 ± 0.02 57.1 ± 7.09
20 4 Depression 7.54 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.03 27.07 ± 2.37
21 4 Bulge 6.04 ± 0.04 0.3 ± 0.03 20.00 ± 1.51
22 4 Depression 6.57 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.02 19.00 ± 1.06
23 4 Depression 7.69± 0.01 0.26 ± 0.01 29.99 ± 1.30
24 4 Bulge 9.52 ± 0.05 0.09 ± 0.00 105.78 ± 0.51
25 4 Bulge 7.08 ± 0.03 0.23 ± 0.02 30.42 ± 1.83
26 4 Depression 8.72 ± 0.03 0.81 ± 0.02 10.82 ± 0.26
27 4 Depression 8.81 ± 0.03 0.32 ± 0.02 27.28 ± 1.18
28 4 Depression 8.93 ± 0.02 0.31 ± 0.01 28.51 ± 0.52
29 4 Depression 8.83 ± 0.03 0.31 ± 0.01 28.2 ± 0.56
30 4 Depression 10.23 ±0.03 0.44 ±0.04 23.18 ± 1.75
31 4 Depression 11.09 ± 0.03 0.44 ± 0.02 25.24 ± 1.07
32 4 Depression 11.1 ± 0.02 0.37 ± 0.02 29.76 ± 1.2
33 4 Depression 10.89 ± 0.04 0.37 ± 0.02 29.22 ± 1.57
34 4 Bulge 7.52 ± 0.03 0.25 ± 0.02 30.58 ± 2.02
35 4 Bulge 7.49 ± 0.01 0.24 ± 0.03 31.98 ± 3.97

Information of 48 species of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou area_

N Species T Area Latitude and longitude Height (cm) Altitude (m) Habitat characteristics
1 Impatiens. siculifer 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.700569, N27.919654 40–50 530 Ditch edge
2 Impatiens.dicentra 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.742382, N27.868716 40–120 530 Ditch edge
3 Impatiens.dicentra var1. 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.721257, N27.892699 30–40 530 Ditch edge
5 Impatiens lasiophyton 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.768975, N27.809401 30–50 870 Roadside
4 Impatiens.dicentra var2. 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.792546, N27.802755 30–50 530 Ditch edge
6 Impatiens guizhouensis 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.825316, N27.856424 20–30 870 Damp place
7 Impatiens stenosepala 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.819567, N27.79662 25–35 730 Roadside
8 Impatiens fanjinica 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.809219, N27.856935 30–100 540 Damp place
9 Impatiens fanjinicavar. 2017.10 Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou E108.791396, N27.81707 80–100 610 Damp place
10 Impatiens monticola 2017.10 Suiyang, Guizhou E107.206313, N28.246177 32–74 817 Ditch edge
11 Impatiens chlorosepala 2017.10 Suiyang, Guizhou E107.206323, N28.246167 28–65 817 Roadside
12 Impatiens reptans 2017.10 Suiyang, Guizhou E107.206313, N28.246177 40–70 1560 Roadside
13 Impatiens reptans var. 2017.10 Suiyang, Guizhou E107.206303, N28.246168 30–80 1560 Roadside
14 Impatiens noli–tangere 2017.10 Suiyang, Guizhou E107.206313, N28.246177 20–30 1260 Roadside
15 Impatiens loulanensis 2017.10 Liupanshui, Guizhou E104.768578, N25.980954 80–120 1741 Ditch edge
16 Unconfirmed species 1 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.718522, N25.964222 60–130 2230 Ditch edge
17 Impatiens pinetorum 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.721274, N25.963222 60–80 2350 Damp place
18 Impatiens pianmaensis 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.718522,N25.964222 40–80 2240 Damp place
19 Impatiens pianmaensis var. 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.719801, N25.959622 40–80 2240 Damp place
20 Unconfirmed species 2 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.689201, N25.975916 42–75 3001 Damp place
21 Impatiens rectangula 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.684315, N25.965522 40–80 2177 Roadside
22 Impatiens ruiliensis 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.872203, N26.925063 40–80 1228 Damp place
23 Impatiens arguta 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.848631, N26.899806 30–50 1246 Roadside
24 Impatiens xanthina 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.871053, N26.899291 20–30 1621 Damp place
25 Impatiens gongshanensis 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.362313, N27.902298 40–60 1929 Damp place
26 Unconfirmed species 3 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.365702, N27.880526 30–60 2826 Damp place
27 Impatiens holocentra 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.345292, N27.881675 30–40 2293 Damp place
28 Impatiens yui 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.345436, N27.877844 20–40 2297 Damp place
29 Impatiens siculifervar. 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.342849, N27.877077 50–90 1409 Roadside
30 Impatiens arguta 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.353844, N27.873246 30–60 1321 Ditch edge
31 Impatiens arguta 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.357869, N27.86507 30–60 1321 Ditch edge
32 Impatiens racemosa 2017.10 Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan E98.332572, N27.88142 20–60 1522 Roadside
33 Impatiens cyanantha 2017.10 Anlong, Yunnan E105.351878, N25.109422 80–100 1777 Roadside
34 Impatiens napoensis 2017.10 Anlong, Yunnan E105.346129, N25.091099 40–50 1347 Roadside
35 Impatiens chlorosepala var. 2017.10 Wangmo, Yunnan E106.049528, N25.215218 30–50 821 Damp place
36 Impatiens loulanensisvar. 2017.10 Anlong, Yunnan E105.35389, N25.106543 80–120 1741 Roadside
37 Impatiens uliginosa 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.776044, N25.090989 60–80 2151 Ditch edge
38 Impatiens uliginosa 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.777769, N25.087062 60–80 2250 Ditch edge
39 Impatiens uliginosa 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.775397, N25.088502 60–80 2430 Ditch edge
40 Impatiens uliginosa 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.784224, N25.342856 20–35 2151 Roadside
41 Impatiens uliginosa 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E103.197322, N24.648467 40–80 2560 Ditch edge
42 Impatiens cyathiflora 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.62844, N24.983997 30–50 2500 Damp place
43 Impatiens auriculata 2017.10 Kunming, Yunnan E102.630165, N24.982949 40–80 2460 Damp place
44 Impatiens rubrostriata 2017.10 Wenshan, Yunnan E104.76302, N23.131053 34–45 2433 Damp place
45 Impatiens monticola var. 2017.10 Wenshan, Yunnan E104.750947, N23.127863 46–85 2628 Roadside
46 Impatiens corchorifolia 2017.10 Wenshan, Yunnan E104.774518, N23.13318 55–68 2227 Roadside
47 Unconfirmed species 4 2017.10 Wenshan, Yunnan E104.622741, N23.131053 30–54 2475 Damp place
48 Impatiens delavayi 2017.10 Wenshan, Yunnan E104.610093, N23.108186 54–63 2765 Damp place

Pollen mesh characteristics of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau_

N MF MD RW (μm) RF
1 Rough, no particulate matter 16.33 ± 0.58 0.72 ± 0.02 Smoothing
2 Rough, with particulate matter 24.33 ±1.53 0.57 ±0.02 Smoothing
3 Rough, with particulate matter 33.33 ± 1.53 0.46 ± 0.01 Smoothing
4 Smooth, very few particles 23.33 ± 0.58 0.59 ± 0.01 Smoothing
5 Smooth, very few particles 15.67 ± 0.58 0.88 ± 0.02 Smoothing
6 Rough, with particulate matter 15.00 ± 1.00 0.73 ± 0.02 Smoothing
7 Rough, with particulate matter 20.00 ± 1.00 0.45 ± 0.03 Smoothing
8 Rough, with particulate matter 31.67 ± 0.58 0.39 ± 0.02 Smoothing
9 Rough, with particulate matter 31.00 ± 1.00 0.44 ± 0.02 Smoothing
10 Rough, with particulate matter 30.00 ± 1.00 0.42 ± 0.01 Smoothing
11 Rough, with particulate matter 32.00 ± 1.00 0.44 ± 0.02 Smoothing
12 Rough, with particulate matter 26.67 ± 0.58 0.44 ± 0.01 Smoothing
13 Rough, with particulate matter 28.33 ± 1.53 0.36 ± 0.02 Smoothing
14 Rough, with particulate matter 30.33 ± 1.53 0.53 ± 0.02 Smoothing
15 Rough, with particulate matter 47.33 ± 1.15 0.34 ± 0.01 Smoothing
16 Rough, with particulate matter 23.00 ± 1.00 0.42 ± 0.02 Smoothing
17 Rough, with particulate matter 64.67 ± 2.08 0.3 ± 0.02 Smoothing
18 Rough, with particulate matter 5.33 ± 0.58 0.67 ± 0.02 Smoothing
19 Rough, with particulate matter 8.00 ± 1.00 0.94 ± 0.02 Wavy
20 Rough, with particulate matter 41.67 ± 1.53 0.53 ± 0.01 Smoothing
21 Rough, with particulate matter 43.67 ± 2.08 0.46 ± 0.03 Smoothing
22 Smooth, very few particles 12.67 ± 0.58 0.59 ± 0.02 Smoothing
23 Rough, with particulate matter 30.00 ± 1.00 0.51 ± 0.02 Smoothing
24 Rough, with particulate matter 52.33 ± 3.06 0.54 ± 0.02 Spinous granule
25 Rough, with particulate matter 31.67 ± 2.08 0.35 ± 0.02 Smoothing
26 Rough, with particulate matter 12.00 ± 1.00 0.44 ± 0.02 Smoothing
27 Rough, with particulate matter 17.67 ±0.58 0.52 ±0.01 Smoothing
28 Rough, with particulate matter 18.33 ± 0.58 0.54 ± 0.01 Smoothing
29 Rough, with particulate matter 18.00 ± 1.00 0.56 ± 0.03 Smoothing
30 Rough, with particulate matter 42.67 ± 0.58 0.55 ± 0.02 Smoothing
31 Rough, with particulate matter 43.00 ± 1.00 0.54 ± 0.03 Smoothing
32 Rough, with particulate matter 44.33 ± 2.08 0.57 ± 0.02 Smoothing
33 Rough, with particulate matter 38.00 ± 1.00 0.54 ± 0.02 Smoothing
34 Smooth, with particles 10.00 ± 1.00 0.84 ± 0.01 Smoothing
35 Smooth, with particles 9.67 ± 1.53 0.76 ± 0.02 Smoothing

Pollen size characteristics of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau_

N Size
P ( μm) E1 (μm) E2 (μm) V (μm3) P/E1 P/E2 E1/E2
1 13.62 ± 0.04 26.35 ± 0.05 13.25 ± 0.02 4754.72 ± 27.43 0.52 ± 0.02 1.03 ± 0 1.99 ± 0.03
2 15.21 ± 0.60 28.92 ± 0.02 13.64 ± 0.03 5997.89 ± 239.4 0.53 ± 0.02 1.11 ± 0.05 2.12 ± 0.01
3 13.65 ± 0.02 25.35 ± 0.04 13.02 ± 0.03 4504.63 ± 7.64 0.54 ± 0.01 1.05 ± 0 1.94 ± 0.01
4 13.52 ± 0.02 26.48 ± 0.04 14.22 ± 0.03 5093.98 ± 11.04 0.51 ± 0.00 0.95 ± 0 1.86 ± 0.00
5 14.92 ± 0.04 27.64 ± 0.02 14.27 ± 0.03 5886.88 ± 21.83 0.54 ± 0.02 1.05 ± 0.01 1.94 ± 0.01
6 14.28 ± 0.02 26.98 ± 0.03 13.95 ± 0.02 5377.12 ± 16.82 0.53 ± 0.01 1.02 ± 0 1.93 ± 0.01
7 15.13 ± 0.03 27.65 ± 0.02 13.97 ± 0.02 5843.45 ± 4.87 0.55 ± 0.01 1.08 ± 0.01 1.98 ± 0.00
8 14.82 ±0.03 29.12 ±0.04 14.73 ±0.04 6354.67 ±15.26 0.51 ±0.01 1.01 ±0.01 1.98 ±0.01
9 13.92 ± 0.03 29.12 ± 0.02 14.15 ± 0.03 5735.06 ± 20.11 0.48 ± 0.00 0.98 ± 0.01 2.06 ± 0.01
10 13.84 ± 0.04 28.35 ± 0.03 14.05 ± 0.04 5514.04 ± 20.92 0.49 ± 0.00 0.98 ± 0.01 2.02 ± 0.01
11 14.64 ± 0.03 28.54 ± 0.01 15.74 ± 0.02 6578.75 ± 19.17 0.51 ± 0.01 0.93 ± 0 1.81 ± 0.00
12 14.75 ± 0.01 26.84 ± 0.03 15.26 ± 0.03 6043.21 ± 4.99 0.55 ± 0.00 0.97 ± 0.01 1.76 ± 0.01
13 16.6 ± 0.03 28.24 ± 0.02 16.59± 0.02 7776.2 ± 14.94 0.59 ± 0.01 1 ± 0 1.7 ± 0.01
14 15.15 ± 0.01 28.18 ± 0.04 14.97 ± 0.02 6391.76 ± 7.03 0.54 ± 0.00 1.01 ± 0 1.88 ± 0.01
15 13.29 ± 0.02 23.63 ± 0.01 12.61 ± 0.03 3958.54 ± 16.44 0.56 ± 0.01 1.05 ± 0.01 1.87 ± 0.01
16 14.96 ± 0.02 27.09 ± 0.05 14.42 ± 0.04 5841.87 ± 21.14 0.55 ± 0.01 1.04 ± 0.01 1.88 ± 0.01
17 14.61 ± 0.04 24.37 ± 0.04 13.25 ± 0.03 4717.5 ± 19.7 0.6 ± 0.00 1.1 ± 0.01 1.84 ± 0.01
18 24.48 ± 0.01 25.5 ± 0.04 19.93 ± 0.03 12440.06 ± 25.84 0.96 ± 0.01 1.23 ± 0.00 1.28± 0.00
19 23.44 ± 0.03 25.79 ± 0.02 24.42 ± 0.03 14760.11 ± 30.71 0.91 ± 0.00 0.96 ± 0.00 1.06 ± 0.00
20 16.96 ± 0.03 34.8 ± 0.02 16.83 ± 0.04 9930.21 ± 5.15 0.49 ± 0.00 1.01 ± 0.01 2.07 ± 0.01
21 16.98 ± 0.05 26.97 ± 0.02 16.92 ± 0.01 7749.09 ± 20.81 0.63 ± 0.00 1 ± 0.01 1.59 ± 0.01
22 18.54 ± 0.04 28.3 ± 0.03 19.8 ± 0.03 10386.99 ± 44.18 0.66 ± 0.01 0.94 ± 0.00 1.43 ± 0.00
23 16.96 ± 0.04 36.65 ± 0.55 16.53 ± 0.03 10275.97 ± 166.77 0.46 ± 0.01 1.02 ± 0.01 2.22 ± 0.03
24 19.91 ± 0.05 32.22 ± 0.02 20.24 ± 0.02 12985.32 ± 18.53 0.62 ± 0.00 0.98 ± 0.01 1.59 ± 0.00
25 18.22 ± 0.03 33.34 ± 0.04 19.22 ± 0.03 11674.4 ± 11.48 0.55 ± 0.01 0.95 ± 0.00 1.74 ± 0.01
26 14.62 ± 0.05 30.07 ± 0.02 14.51 ± 0.02 6381.1 ± 22.92 0.49 ± 0.01 1.01 ± 0.01 2.07 ± 0.01
27 17.88 ± 0.02 31.49 ± 0.01 17.66 ± 0.03 9943.29 ± 24.86 0.57 ± 0.00 1.01 ± 0.00 1.78 ± 0.01
28 17.84 ± 0.04 31.97 ± 0.02 17.9 ± 0.02 10206.21 ± 29.62 0.56 ± 0.01 1 ± 0.01 1.79 ± 0.01
29 17.95 ± 0.03 31.49 ± 0.02 17.3 ± 0.08 9777.76 ± 57.43 0.57 ± 0.01 1.04 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 0.01
30 17.96 ± 0.03 33.64 ± 0.03 17.95 ± 0.04 10844.94 ± 34.53 0.53 ± 0.00 1 ± 0.00 1.88 ± 0.01
31 18.09 ± 0.06 32.47 ± 0.03 17.75 ± 0.02 10427.14 ± 37.16 0.56 ± 0.00 1.02 ± 0.01 1.83 ± 0.00
32 17.87 ± 0.03 34.44 ± 0.03 17.97 ± 0.02 11056.38 ± 14.29 0.52 ± 0.01 0.99 ± 0.01 1.92 ± 0.00
33 17.04 ±0.04 33.25 ±0.03 17.79 ±0.03 10078.45 ±30.12 0.51 ±0.01 0.96 ±0.00 1.87 ±0.01
34 19.13 ± 0.03 32.05 ± 0.02 18.77 ± 0.03 11511.42 ± 33.33 0.6 ± 0.00 1.02 ± 0.00 1.71 ± 0.00
35 18.53 ±0.03 34.95 ± 0.01 19.92 ± 0.03 12904.06 ± 33.01 0.53 ± 0.01 0.93 ± 0.00 1.75 ± 0.01
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English
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Life Sciences, Plant Science, Zoology, Ecology, Life Sciences, other
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