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Characterisation and evaluation of interspecific cross-incompatibility in two Delphinium species

Ying Cheng
Ying Cheng
, 
Wenling Guan
Wenling Guan
 and 
Fan Li
Fan Li
   | Nov 20, 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Nov 20, 2020
Page range: 307 - 317
Received: Jul 15, 2020
Accepted: Oct 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0027
Keywords
© 2020 Ying Cheng et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Stages of flower development of D. yunnanense (A) and D. elatum ‘Guardian Blue’ (B). Bud stage (a), stem elongation stage (b), bud expansion stage (c), sepal open stage (d), petal open stage (e), flower semi-open stage (f), flower full-open stage (g) and anther cracked stage (h). Bar = 1 cm.
Stages of flower development of D. yunnanense (A) and D. elatum ‘Guardian Blue’ (B). Bud stage (a), stem elongation stage (b), bud expansion stage (c), sepal open stage (d), petal open stage (e), flower semi-open stage (f), flower full-open stage (g) and anther cracked stage (h). Bar = 1 cm.

Figure 2

The diurnal variation of pollen viability in D. yunnanense and D. elatum. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were performed in different collection time within the same species. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.
The diurnal variation of pollen viability in D. yunnanense and D. elatum. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were performed in different collection time within the same species. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.

Figure 3

The number of attached pollen grains of each cross combination after different pollination time. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were compared in different cross combinations within the same time after pollination. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.
The number of attached pollen grains of each cross combination after different pollination time. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were compared in different cross combinations within the same time after pollination. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.

Figure 4

The number of germinated pollen grains on each cross combination after different pollination time. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were compared in different cross combinations within the same time after pollination. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.
The number of germinated pollen grains on each cross combination after different pollination time. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance, and p values were calculated with Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated by small letters were compared in different cross combinations within the same time after pollination. The data represent the mean value ± standard deviation from three replicates.

Figure 5

Dynamics of pollen tube growth of the interspecific and allogamic crosses between D. yunnanense and D. elatum. A:D. elatum × D. yunnanense. A-2h: A bundle of pollen tubes (Pt) in the style of pistil, pollen grains (Pg) visible on stigma. A-4h: Large number of callose (Ca) depositions appeared in the style. A-6h: Pollen tubes arrived near the ovule (Ou) and started to bend and twine. A-24h: Pollen tubes entered the ovule. B:D. yunnanense × D. elatum. B-2h: Few pollen grains germinated on the stigma with a large amount of callose depositions visible in the style. B-4h: The twined, knotted and spiraled pollen tubes with callose. B-6h: Six hours after pollination, the state of pollen tube remains the same as 4 h after pollination. B-24h: Few pollen tubes were close to the ovule. C:D. yunnanense × D. yunnanens. C-2h: A number of pollen tubes in style of pistil, pollen grains also visible on stigma. C-4h: A bundle of pollen tubes grow along the style. C-6h: Pollen tubes arrived near the ovule. C-24h: Pollen tubes entered the ovule. D:D. elatum × D. elatum. D-2h: A small amount of pollen germinated and callose deposition appeared. D-6h: Pollen tubes were visible in the style. The pollen tubes were twined and knotted in the style. D-24h: Pollen tubes reached the ovary with visible callose deposition. D-72: Pollen tube entered the ovule. ‘Pg’ refers to pollen grain, ‘Pt’ means pollen tube, ‘Ca’ is the abbreviation of callose and ‘Ou’ represents ovule. Bar = 200 μm.
Dynamics of pollen tube growth of the interspecific and allogamic crosses between D. yunnanense and D. elatum. A:D. elatum × D. yunnanense. A-2h: A bundle of pollen tubes (Pt) in the style of pistil, pollen grains (Pg) visible on stigma. A-4h: Large number of callose (Ca) depositions appeared in the style. A-6h: Pollen tubes arrived near the ovule (Ou) and started to bend and twine. A-24h: Pollen tubes entered the ovule. B:D. yunnanense × D. elatum. B-2h: Few pollen grains germinated on the stigma with a large amount of callose depositions visible in the style. B-4h: The twined, knotted and spiraled pollen tubes with callose. B-6h: Six hours after pollination, the state of pollen tube remains the same as 4 h after pollination. B-24h: Few pollen tubes were close to the ovule. C:D. yunnanense × D. yunnanens. C-2h: A number of pollen tubes in style of pistil, pollen grains also visible on stigma. C-4h: A bundle of pollen tubes grow along the style. C-6h: Pollen tubes arrived near the ovule. C-24h: Pollen tubes entered the ovule. D:D. elatum × D. elatum. D-2h: A small amount of pollen germinated and callose deposition appeared. D-6h: Pollen tubes were visible in the style. The pollen tubes were twined and knotted in the style. D-24h: Pollen tubes reached the ovary with visible callose deposition. D-72: Pollen tube entered the ovule. ‘Pg’ refers to pollen grain, ‘Pt’ means pollen tube, ‘Ca’ is the abbreviation of callose and ‘Ou’ represents ovule. Bar = 200 μm.

Stigma receptivity of the full-open stage during the flower opening process in D. yunnanense and D. elatum. ‘−’, stigma not receivable; ‘±’, partial positive reaction; ‘+’, positive reaction; ‘++’ strong positive reaction.

Species1st day2nd day3rd day4th day5th day6th day7th day8th day
D. yunnanense−−−−−++++
D. elatum−−−−+++±−

Results of statistical analysis about pollination time and cross combination on the number of germinated pollen grains in Delphinium.

Source of variationSum of squareDegree of freedomMean squareF valuep-value
Pollination time7034.902851406.980629.78600.0000
Cross combination6178.263932059.421343.59800.0000
Time × Combination4283.819415285.58806.04600.0000
error2267.33334847.2361
Total variations19,764.319471

Results of statistical analysis about pollination time and cross combination on the number of attached pollen grains in Delphinium.

Source of variationSum of squareDegree of freedomMean squareF valuep value
Pollination time27,746.777855549.355673.32600.0000
Cross combination25,104.277838368.0926110.57100.0000
Time × Combination21,474.2222151431.614818.91700.0000
error3632.66674875.6806
Total variations77,957.944471

Characteristics of F1 seeds in the interspecific and allogamic cross of D. yunnanense and D. elatum.

Cross combinationPollinated flowers numberFruit numberFruit set rateSeed numberSeed number per fruitThousand kernel weight (g)F1 seed germination rate (%)
D. elatum × D. yunnanense302790.0%46317.11.316.7 ± 2.08 a
D. yunnanense × D. elatum3000.0%////
D. yunnanense × D. yunnanense302686.7%42116.21.724.7 ± 2.52 b
D. elatum × D. elatum302583.3%52721.12.080.0 ± 4.00 c
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