Functional traits of okra cultivars (Chinese green and Chinese red) under salt stress

Ahmad Azeem; Qaiser Javed; Jianfan Sun; Muhammad I. Nawaz; Ikram Ullah; Rakhwe Kama; Daolin Du

Open Access

Functional traits of okra cultivars (Chinese green and Chinese red) under salt stress

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| Sep 07, 2020

Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

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Published Online: Sep 07, 2020

Page range: 159 - 170

Received: Feb 07, 2020

Accepted: Jul 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0015

Keywords
growth rate, physiological traits, plant survival, saline irrigation, water saving

© 2020 Ahmad Azeem et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Effects of salinity treatments on the photosynthesis (A,B), stomatal conductance (C,D) and transpiration (E,F) of Chinese green and Chinese red, respectively; values represent means ± standard errors, followed by different letters in the same treatment process indicating a significant difference at p < 0.05, according to Tukey tests.

Effects of the salinity treatments on the WUE (G,H) and water potential (I,J) of Chinese green and Chinese red, respectively; values represent means ± standard errors, followed by different letters in the same treatment process indicating a significant difference at p < 0.05, according to Tukey tests. WUE represents water use efficiency.

Effects of salinity treatments on the fresh weight (Q,R) and dry weight (S,T) of Chinese green and Chinese red, respectively; values represent means ± standard errors, followed by different letters in the same treatment process indicating a significant difference at p < 0.05, according to Tukey tests.

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese red under different salinity treatments

SLev		Salt duration (weeks)

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Plant height, cm	T1	14.9 a	20.2 b	30.0 c	40.0 d	45.0 e	53.3 f	66.0 g	71.0 h	82.0 i	87.6 j	97.6 k	110.6 l
	T2	13.9 i	16.7 k	22.8 j	29.2 i	33.7 h	38.4 g	45.6 f	47.5 e	56.0 d	57.1 c	57.2 b	57.2 a
	T3	13.2 c	18.3 d	21.8 e	25.3 f	35.0 g	36.4 g	36.1 g	36.3 g	36.1 g	36.2 g	36.2 g	36.1 g
	T4	8.4 b	17.3 c	23.7 d	28.6 e	28.7 e	28.5 e	28.6 e	28.3 e	28.7 e	28.6 e	28.6 e	28.4 e

Stem diameter, cm	T1	3.6 a	3.8 a	4.4 a	5.1 ab	6.8 b	9.1 bc	11.6 c	15.0 d	17.2 de	18.9 e	20.6 e	21.6 e
	T2	2.6 b	2.8 b	3.9 c	4.3 d	4.9 e	5.2 e	5.8 f	7.8 g	9.1 g	9.2 g	9.14 g	9.2 g
	T3	2.4 c	2.8 d	3.5 e	5.1 f	7.5 g	7.5 g	7.1 g	7.1 g	7.2 g	7.2 g	7.2 g	7.2 g
	T4	1.7 d	2.2 e	2.6 f	2.5 f	2.2 f	2.1 f	2.7 f	2.6 f	2.6 f	2.7 f	2.6 f	2.6 f

Root length, cm	T1	10.2 a	11.4 ab	14.3 b	18.4 c	20.4 cd	23.6 d	26.1 de	28.4 e	30.1 ef	31.2 ef	32.3 f	32.3 f
	T2	9.5 b	11.7 c	13.2 d	15.1 e	17.2 f	8.1 f	20.4 g	21.6 gh	22.9 h	23.6 h	23.7 h	23.7 h
	T3	8.9 c	10.6 d	14.7 e	15.4 f	18.8 g	18.7 g	18.6 g	18.6 g	18.6 g	18.5 g	18.5 g	18.6 g
	T4	8.5 d	9.1 e	10.5 f	11.3 k	11.3 k	11.3 k	11.6 k	11.3 k	11.1 k	11.3 k	11.2 k	11.3 k

Variance analysis of growth traits of two okra cultivars under salt stress

Main variables	Cult	SLev	SDur	Cult × SLev	Cult × SDur	SLev × SDur	Cult × SLev × SDur
PH	87.227**	16630.85**	4912.286**	8.318**	18.801**	1008.619**	18.078**
RL	94.138**	6422.472**	1603.98**	258.563**	10.662**	300.922**	13.369**
SD	1.822^NS	3940.037**	655.581**	64.922**	0.294^NS	206.851**	2.058**
FW	34.992**	4948.99**	662.663**	40.121**	4.575**	208.645**	7.73**
DW	13.041**	1916.822**	249.977**	5.433**	1.289^NS	75.574**	0.874^NS

Correlation between different parameters of two okra cultivars

	SD	RL	FW	DW	P_N	Gs	E	WUE	Wp	SDur	SLev
Green

PH	0.952**	0.969**	0.950**	0.934**	0.693**	0.549**	0.350**	0.544**	0.392**	0.593**	–0.578**
SD		0.978**	0.982**	0.956**	0.768**	0.667**	0.368**	0.605**	0.496**	0.497**	–0.640**
RL			0.976**	0.957**	0.726**	0.589**	0.350**	0.580**	0.425**	0.571**	–0.601**
FW				0.986**	0.808**	0.683**	0.394**	0.646**	0.508**	0.481**	–0.663**
DW					0.803**	0.675**	0.398**	0.637**	0.509**	0.472**	–0.660**
P_N						0.932**	0.154	0.907**	0.839**	0.017	–0.840**
Gs							0.154	0.818**	0.891**	–0.115	–0.845**
E								–0.170*	0.024	0.393**	–0.296**
WUE									0.800**	–0.115	–0.758**
Wp										–0.324**	–0.859**
SDur											0.000

Red

PH	0.957**	0.946**	0.961**	0.951**	0.665**	0.460**	0.428**	0.505**	0.302**	0.642**	–0.572**
SD		0.947**	0.967**	0.967**	0.679**	0.523**	0.450**	0.521**	0.410**	0.544**	–0.623**
RL			0.940**	0.943**	0.666**	0.440**	0.510**	0.509**	0.343**	0.604**	–0.644**
FW				0.992**	0.796**	0.621**	0.413**	0.635**	0.483**	0.479**	–0.680**
DW					0.797**	0.620**	0.418**	0.642**	0.496**	0.469**	–0.694**
P_N						0.894**	0.212*	0.912**	0.811**	0.000	–0.857**
Gs							0.187*	0.813**	0.893**	–0.221**	–0.853**
E								–0.130	0.074	0.465**	–0.387**
WUE									0.789**	–0.141	–0.766**
Wp										–0.381**	–0.817**
SDur											0.000

Different treatment levels

Treatment	Concentration (mM)	Amount of NaCl in 1 L Hoagland culture medium (g · L⁻¹)	Amount of CaCl₂ in 1 L Hoagland culture medium (g · L⁻¹)
T1	20.8	0	0
T2	103.3	3	3
T3	180.0	6	6
T4	257.0	9	9

Variance analysis of physiological traits of two Okra cultivars under salt stress treatments

Main variables	Cult	SLev	SDur	Cult × SLev	Cult × SDur	SLev × SDur	Cult × SLev × SDur
P_N	33.72**	7382.7**	72.59**	63.58**	1.49^NS	118.81**	2.17**
Gs	14.60**	2249.22**	20.03**	6.81**	2.35**	12.75**	2.92**
E	92.59**	77.75**	19.10**	13.08**	3.51**	7.42**	4.51**
WUE	54.83**	646.96**	15.71**	2.45^NS	2.98**	21.35**	3.32**
Wp	46.30**	1332.00**	71.77**	18.81**	1.52^NS	12.43**	1.24^NS

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese green under different salinity treatments

SLev		Salt duration (weeks)

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Plant height, cm	T1	14.2 a	23.8 b	30.4 c	36.3 d	43.7 e	49.9 f	57.3 g	64.2 h	76.7 i	83.5 j	103.0 k	117.6 l
	T2	13.1 f	18.1 h	21.9 c	31.3 g	35.6 e	44.9 f	48.0 f	52.2 g	52.4 g	52.14 g	52.4 g	52.3 g
	T3	12.3 a	17.8 b	23.8 f	27.8 d	32.6 e	32.4 e	32.6 e	32.3 e	32.5 e	32.5 e	32.4 e	32.6 e
	T4	11.9 a	18.9 c	26.4 b	26.5 b	26.5 b	26.5 b	26.5 b	26.5 b	26.3 b	26.4 b	26.3 b	26.4 b

Stem diameter, cm	T1	3.6 a	4.1 a	4.4 ab	5.4 ab	7.8 bc	10.7 bc	13.6 cd	16.9 d	19.7 d	21.3 e	22.1 e	23.0 e
	T2	2.4 b	2.8 c	3.8 a	4.4 d	5.13 e	5.3 f	5.9 g	8.3 g	8.5 g	8.5 g	8.51 g	9.0 g
	T3	2.2 d	2.8 b	3.7 b	3.8 a	5.6 g	5.7 g	5.6 g	5.8 g	5.6 g	5.4 g	5.6 g	5.6 g
	T4	1.9 e	2.4 f	2.8 g	3.1 h	3.1 h	3.1 h	3.1 h	3.1 h	3.2 h	3.1 h	3.08 h	3.1 h

Root length, cm	T1	9.8 a	12.0 b	14.1 c	15.2 d	17.5 e	20.4 f	25.9 g	29.9 h	33.1 i	33.6 ij	34.1 j	35.1 k
	T2	9.6 a	9.8 bc	10.8 b	13.4 e	14.9 d	17.3 g	19.3 f	20.8 j	20.6 j	20.7 j	20.8 j	20.7 j
	T3	9.7 c	11.7 a	12.7 d	13.4 b	14.2 h	15.2 i	15.3 i	15.3 i	15.3 i	15.3 i	15.2 i	15.3 i
	T4	9.4 d	11.2 c	12.1 b	12.5 b	12.6 b	12.7 b	12.6 b	12.6 b	12.6 b	12.6 b	12.6 b	12.3 b

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Functional traits of okra cultivars (Chinese green and Chinese red) under salt stress

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Sep 07, 2020

Page range: 159 - 170

Received: Feb 07, 2020

Accepted: Jul 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0015

Keywords
growth rate, physiological traits, plant survival, saline irrigation, water saving

© 2020 Ahmad Azeem et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese red under different salinity treatments

Variance analysis of growth traits of two okra cultivars under salt stress

Correlation between different parameters of two okra cultivars

Different treatment levels

Variance analysis of physiological traits of two Okra cultivars under salt stress treatments

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese green under different salinity treatments

Functional traits of okra cultivars (Chinese green and Chinese red) under salt stress

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Sep 07, 2020

Page range: 159 - 170

Received: Feb 07, 2020

Accepted: Jul 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0015

Keywordsgrowth rate, physiological traits, plant survival, saline irrigation, water saving

© 2020 Ahmad Azeem et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese red under different salinity treatments

Variance analysis of growth traits of two okra cultivars under salt stress

Correlation between different parameters of two okra cultivars

Different treatment levels

Variance analysis of physiological traits of two Okra cultivars under salt stress treatments

Plant height, stem diameter and root length of Chinese green under different salinity treatments

Keywords
growth rate, physiological traits, plant survival, saline irrigation, water saving