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Comparative studies of the macro- and microstructures of stump-root wood and stemwood

Serhiy Gayda
Serhiy Gayda
, 
Orest Kiyko
Orest Kiyko
 and 
Mykola Guz
Mykola Guz
   | Sep 22, 2022
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Sep 22, 2022
Page range: 131 - 142
Received: Apr 28, 2022
Accepted: May 06, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0013
Keywords
© 2022 Serhiy Gayda et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Features of the microstructure of stump-root wood pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (160×) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) (70×)
Features of the microstructure of stump-root wood pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (160×) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) (70×)

Figure 2

Peeled stumps of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Peeled stumps of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Figure 3

Forms of tracheids on the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of fir (Abies alba) (140×)
Forms of tracheids on the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of fir (Abies alba) (140×)

Figure 4

Forms of tracheids in the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (420×)
Forms of tracheids in the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (420×)

Figure 5

Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of aspen (Populus tremula L.) (140×)
Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of aspen (Populus tremula L.) (140×)

Figure 6

Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) (280×)
Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) (280×)

Statistics of the size of the tracheid wood roots and trunk of conifers

Wood Indicators for pine Layer N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
Stem radial direction, μm early 20 36.00 29.80 40.23 0.682 8.47 1.89
late 20 17.10 14.16 19.11 0.823 21.52 4.81
tangential direction, μm early 20 27.40 22.68 30.62 1.199 19.56 4.37
late 20 28.10 23.26 31.40 1.319 21.00 4.69
wall thickness, μm early 20 2.10 1.74 2.35 0.054 11.43 2.56
late 20 4.40 3.64 4.92 0.101 10.23 2.29
Root radial direction, μm early 20 47.80 39.57 53.42 1.811 16.95 3.79
late 20 19.40 16.06 21.68 0.962 22.16 4.96
tangential direction, μm early 20 29.60 24.51 33.08 0.917 13.85 3.10
late 20 32.40 26.82 36.21 1.610 22.22 4.97
wall thickness, μm early 20 1.60 1.32 1.79 0.034 9.38 2.10
late 20 3.80 3.15 4.25 0.087 10.26 2.29
Wood Indicators for spruce Layer N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
Stem radial direction, μm early 20 33.20 27.74 37.04 0.521 7.02 1.57
late 20 20.20 16.88 22.54 0.557 12.33 2.76
tangential direction, μm early 20 24.80 20.72 27.67 0.881 15.89 3.55
late 20 29.90 24.99 33.36 0.973 14.55 3.25
wall thickness, μm early 20 3.10 2.59 3.46 0.080 11.61 2.60
late 20 5.00 4.18 5.58 0.206 18.40 4.11
Root radial direction, μm early 20 39.40 32.92 43.96 1.851 21.02 4.70
late 20 16.60 13.87 18.52 0.796 21.45 4.80
tangential direction, μm early 20 25.10 20.97 28.01 1.219 21.71 4.86
late 20 28.70 23.98 32.02 1.292 20.14 4.50
wall thickness, μm early 20 2.50 2.09 2.79 0.038 6.80 1.52
late 20 3.80 3.18 4.24 0.186 21.84 4.88
Wood Indicators for fir Layer N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
Stem radial direction, μm early 20 35.50 30.25 39.75 1.737 21.89 4.89
late 20 16.30 13.89 18.25 0.749 20.55 4.60
tangential direction, μm early 20 31.50 26.84 35.28 1.677 23.81 5.32
late 20 26.30 22.41 29.45 1.006 17.11 3.83
wall thickness, μm early 20 1.80 1.53 2.02 0.040 10.00 2.24
late 20 4.10 3.49 4.59 0.116 12.68 2.84
Root radial direction, μm early 20 43.50 37.07 48.71 2.102 21.61 4.83
late 20 17.60 15.00 19.71 0.868 22.05 4.93
tangential direction, μm early 20 36.20 30.85 40.54 1.793 22.15 4.95
late 20 24.90 21.22 27.88 1.219 21.89 4.89
wall thickness, μm early 20 1.30 1.11 1.46 0.060 20.77 4.64
late 20 3.60 3.07 4.03 0.078 9.72 2.17

Statistics of indicators of the macrostructure of SRW and SW

Wood Indicators for pine N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
SW average width of annual rings, mm 41 1.30 1.10 1.45 0.019 9.23 1.44
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 7.60 6.45 8.46 0.025 2.11 0.33
percentage of late wood, % 23 25.00 21.23 27.84 0.211 4.04 0.84
SRW average width of annual rings, mm 41 2.40 2.04 2.67 0.037 10.00 1.56
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 4.10 3.48 4.57 0.042 6.59 1.03
percentage of late wood, % 23 20.10 17.06 22.38 0.156 3.73 0.78
Wood Indicators for spruce N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
SW average width of annual rings, mm 41 1.90 1.67 2.13 0.067 22.63 3.53
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 5.20 4.57 5.82 0.153 18.85 2.94
percentage of late wood, % 23 30.40 26.72 34.02 0.540 8.52 1.78
SRW average width of annual rings, mm 41 3.30 2.90 3.69 0.044 8.48 1.33
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 3.00 2.64 3.36 0.100 21.33 3.33
percentage of late wood, % 23 22.10 19.43 24.73 0.976 21.18 4.42
Wood Indicators for fir N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
SW average width of annual rings, mm 41 1.60 1.38 1.78 0.023 9.38 1.46
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 6.10 5.26 6.77 0.145 15.25 2.38
percentage of late wood, % 23 18.90 16.31 20.97 0.882 22.38 4.67
SRW average width of annual rings, mm 41 3.10 2.68 3.44 0.033 6.77 1.06
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 3.20 2.76 3.55 0.117 23.44 3.66
percentage of late wood, % 23 14.80 12.77 16.42 0.667 21.62 4.51
Wood Indicators for aspen N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
SW average width of annual rings, mm 41 2.80 2.40 3.11 0.039 8.93 1.39
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 3.60 3.09 4.00 0.117 20.83 3.25
SRW average width of annual rings, mm 41 3.80 3.26 4.23 0.137 23.16 3.62
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 2.60 2.23 2.89 0.061 15.00 2.34
Wood Indicators for birch N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
SW average width of annual rings, mm 41 2.00 1.68 2.23 0.050 16.00 2.50
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 5.00 4.20 5.57 0.186 23.80 3.72
SRW average width of annual rings, mm 41 4.10 3.45 4.57 0.075 11.71 1.83
number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs 41 2.40 2.02 2.67 0.089 23.75 3.71

Statistics of the diameters of vessels and libriform fibres in the stump-root wood and stem wood of deciduous species

Wood Indicators for aspen N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
Stem vessels, μm 20 98.00 84.48 108.83 0.461 2.10 0.47
fibre libriform, μm 20 22.40 19.31 24.88 0.241 4.82 1.08
Root vessels, μm 20 118.00 101.72 131.04 0.528 2.00 0.45
fibre libriform, μm 20 25.30 21.81 28.10 0.192 3.40 0.76
Wood Indicators for birch N, pcs Maver Mmin Mmax ± V, % P, %
Stem vessels, μm 20 87.00 72.14 96.79 0.691 3.55 0.79
fibre libriform, μm 20 20.10 16.67 22.36 0.224 4.98 1.11
Root vessels, μm 20 105.00 87.07 116.81 0.532 2.27 0.51
fibre libriform, μm 20 23.80 19.73 26.48 0.125 2.35 0.53
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