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The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland

Piotr T. Zaniewski
Piotr T. Zaniewski
, 
Ciurzycki Wojciech
Ciurzycki Wojciech
 and 
Zaniewska Ewa
Zaniewska Ewa
   | Sep 19, 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Sep 19, 2021
Page range: 243 - 259
Received: Feb 19, 2021
Accepted: Jun 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0025
© 2021 Zaniewski Piotr T., Ciurzycki Wojciech, Zaniewska Ewa, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Location of stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum association (modified and expanded on the basis of Zaniewski et al. 2020) within central and central western Poland (Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Wielkopolska, Łódź and Mazowieckie viovodeships)1 – stands with published relevé documentation reviewed by Kasprowicz (2010); Zaniewski et al. (2020), 2 – stands from works by Cyzman (1991); Kępczyński and Cyzman (1991, 1992), classified in conducted analysis as Calamagrostio-Quercetum, 3 – new stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum surveyed in this study, 4 – ATPOL grid (Zając 1978; Komsta 2016), 5 – rivers, 6 – borders of voivodeships, 7 – „provisional” association range – minor role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996), 8 – main association range – moderate role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996).
Location of stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum association (modified and expanded on the basis of Zaniewski et al. 2020) within central and central western Poland (Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Wielkopolska, Łódź and Mazowieckie viovodeships)1 – stands with published relevé documentation reviewed by Kasprowicz (2010); Zaniewski et al. (2020), 2 – stands from works by Cyzman (1991); Kępczyński and Cyzman (1991, 1992), classified in conducted analysis as Calamagrostio-Quercetum, 3 – new stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum surveyed in this study, 4 – ATPOL grid (Zając 1978; Komsta 2016), 5 – rivers, 6 – borders of voivodeships, 7 – „provisional” association range – minor role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996), 8 – main association range – moderate role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996).

Stand characteristics and selected parameters of soils within researched patches of Calamagrostio-Quercetum

Successive number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Subassociation polygonatetosum typicum molinietosum
Number of relevé PZ20_050 PZ20_038 PZ20_055 PZ20_037 PZ20_064 PZ20_066 PZ20_060 PZ20_054 PZ20_032 PZ17_001 PZ20_033 PZ20_057 PZ20_056 PZ20_059 PZ20_061 PZ20_034 PZ18_005 PZ20_031 PZ20_036 PZ20_063 PZ20_067 PZ 20_062 PZ20_065
Information based on Forest Data Bank (BDL 2019)
Forest District / National Park Skierniewice Smardze- wice Grójec Smardze- wice Kampinos NP Kampinos NP Kampinos NP Grójec Piotrków Chojnów Piotrków Chojnów Grójec Kampinos NP Kampinos NP Piotrków Skiernie- wice Piotrków Piotrków Kampinos NP Kampinos NP Kampinos NP Kampinos NP
Forest range Rylsk Jaksonek Wilczo- ruda Jaksonek Rózin Rózin Rózin Wilczo- ruda Felicja Podkowa Leśna Felicja Podkowa Leśna Wilczoruda Rózin Rózin Felicja Julianów Felicja Proszenie Rózin Rózin Rózin Rózin
Forest subcompartment 121h 144h 35i 151g 258b 258b 04a 35i 127a 02l 128c 372b 36d 04c 423d 138a 71c 125i 105b 03z 423n 423s 03t
Age of dominant tree species [year] 105 101 82 96 107 107 110 82 86 66 77 112 99 110 79 96 105 69 88 83 88 51 83
Oak site index III II III II II II III III III II II II II III II II II I II – I – –
Forest site type LMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LMŚW BMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LŚW LMŚW BMŚW LMŚW BMŚW BMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LMŚW LŚW BŚW BMW BMŚW BMŚW
Soil subtype BRw RDbr RDw RDbr RDbr RDbr – RDw RDbr – RDbr RDw RDw – RDbr RDbr RDw RDw Pw – Bgw RDb –
Results of laboratory analyses (samples collected at a depth of 0–20 cm)
pH H20 (10:25) 4.25 4.51 4.42 4.49 4.54 4.56 4.39 4.14 4.46 4.50 4.33 4.38 4.66 4.03 4.40 4.04 4.43 3.94 4.57 4.21 4.06 4.04 3.74
Organic matter content [%] 2.5 1.9 3.4 3.8 1.9 2.4 1.4 4.6 2.4 4.3 2.6 3.7 2.6 3.3 1.8 2.7 3.5 2.8 2.4 4.1 5.1 5.1 6.5
Organic C content [%] (as 58% org.)* 1.5 1.1 2.0 2.2 1.1 1.4 0.8 2.6 1.4 2.5 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.0 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.8
Fraction diameter mm [%] skeletal > 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5–20 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2–5 0.6 0.3 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
fine earth 1–2 2.5 0.8 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.3 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.2 2.0 1.6 1.7 3.0 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.3
0,5–1 17.0 13.7 11.0 10.9 1.5 3.3 1.3 9.9 11.8 10.3 12.4 11.8 11.4 2.5 2.2 15.2 7.9 13.0 17.1 2.3 4.3 5.1 6.7
0,25–0,5 47.2 50.5 40.6 41.3 25.0 27.5 28.2 36.7 42.1 24.8 46.9 32.4 42.7 26.7 25.0 45.9 25.9 46.0 32.6 23.2 25.2 26.9 26.1
0.1–0.25 27.1 28.3 28.7 24.5 60.9 57.0 62.8 29.9 32.7 36.0 28.2 39.7 33.6 55.2 60.3 28.1 24.3 29.2 28.5 52.4 42.4 44.4 42.2
< 0.1 5.6 6.4 15.6 22.6 12.2 11.7 7.5 21.6 9.9 26.1 10.1 14.3 10.3 15.2 12.3 7.9 40.0 9.1 17.2 21.5 27.1 22.4 23.7

Numerical relevé classification of 15 datasets (A, B – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, C – Querco-Pinetum), N – number of relevés, % – share of relevés from a specific dataset, C-Q – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, Q-P – Querco-Pinetum

No Name of the dataset Author of the dataset A (n = 233) B (n = 131) C (n = 183) A-C
N % N % N % N
1 C-Q molinietosum (Wielkopolska) Kasprowicz (2010) 8 14 38 68 10 18 56
2 C-Q typicum var. typicum (Wielkopolska) Kasprowicz (2010) 25 69 7 19 4 11 36
3 C-(Wielkopolska) Q typicum var. Anemone nemorosa Kasprowicz (2010) 14 33 24 56 5 12 43
4 C-Q polygonatetosum var. typicum (Wielkopolska) Kasprowicz (2010) 72 92 3 4 3 4 78
5 C-(Wielkopolska) Q polygonatetosum var. Anemone nemorosa Kasprowicz (2010) 54 59 30 33 7 8 91
6 Q-P typicum (S Mazowsze) Zaręba (1971) 6 26 0 0 17 74 23
7 Q-P berberidetosum (S Mazowsze) Zaręba (1971) 1 7 0 0 13 93 14
8 Q-P populetosum var. typicum (S Mazowsze) Zaręba (1971) 0 0 1 11 8 89 9
9 Q-P populetosum var. Abies alba (S Mazowsze) Zaręba (1971) 0 0 0 0 13 100 13
10 Q-N P Lubelszczyzna) serratuletosum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie / Sokołowski (1963) 4 8 2 4 43 88 49
11 Q-Lubelszczyzna) P typicum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie / N Sokołowski (1963, 1976) 0 0 6 27 16 73 22
12 Q-Lubelszczyzna) P populetosum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie / N Sokołowski (1963, 1976) 4 8 4 8 41 84 49
13 Q-P (SE Kujawy / NW Mazowsze) Cyzman and Cyzman (1991(1991); Kępczyński , 1992) 10 36 15 54 3 11 28
14 C-Q (S Mazowsze) Koba Zaniewski (2012et , 2013al. (2020); ) 13 100 0 0 0 0 13
15 C-Q (central Poland) this study 22 96 1 4 0 0 23
Total 233 131 183 547

Average % cover (Barkman’s TCV) and fidelity (upper index – Phi coefficient given if Fisher’s test p<0.05) of species for the distinguished groups of relevés A-C (only species with higher covers within at least one group and statistically significant Phi coefficient were presented)

Name of the species A (n = 233) B (n = 131) C (n = 183)
Trees and shrubs with cover > 2%
Quercus petrea A1, A 59.3363.8 3.63 2.92
Quercus petrea C 2.943.9 0.25 0.31
Quercus x rosacea A1, A 2.9411.8 0.23 0.31
Quercus petrea B, BC 2.033.9 0.10 2.03
Quercus robur A1, A 1.83 54.2050.7 15.09
Carpinus betulus A, A2 0.40 5.0910.2 2.71
Quercus robur A2 0.22 2.425.3 1.90
Pinus sylvestris A1, A 5.11 2.68 39.6846.2
Corylus avellana B, BC 2.11 1.69 8.2415.2
Quercus robur B, BC 0.18 1.25 3.8411.2
Carpinus betulus B, BC 0.72 1.13 2.656.7
Betula pendula A1, A 0.72 1.63 3.046.6
Pinus sylvestris B 0.02 0.10 2.9513.6
Populus tremula A1, A 0.07 0.16 2.3111.3
Forest floor species with cover > 1%
Calamagrostis arundinacea 13.4118.1 5.91 1.40
Convallaria majalis 9.2115.7 3.40 1.13
Festuca ovina 5.535.3 3.62 3.02
Poa nemoralis 1.695.8 0.98 0.05
Holcus mollis 4.32 15.2424.7 0.21
Agrostis capillaris 0.86 2.297.7 0.24
Polytrichastrum formosum 1.43 4.107.8 1.72
Anemone nemorosa 0.74 1.966.3 0.47
Carex pilulifera 0.85 1.655.9 0.14
Vaccinium myrtillus 16.57 13.33 55.6142.5
Pleurozium schreberi 0.99 0.76 15.0029.0
Hylocomnium splendens 0.01 0.08 3.3614.7
Vaccinium vitis-ideaea 0.05 0.13 2.2811.5
Molinia caerulea 0.25 0.46 1.978.1
Polytrichum commune 0.00 0.03 1.248.9
Sphagnum capillifolium 0.00 0.00 1.168.8
Dicranum polysetum 0.02 0.03 1.007.8

Vegetation characteristics of Calamagrostio-Quercetum patches surveyed in central Poland

Successive number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Area of relevé [m2] 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Slope and exposition [°] 7°NW 2°W 2°W 2°N 3°S 2°NW 6°NE 3°W 4°NW 2°N 4°W 2°E 0° 1°S 0° 4°N 3°S 5°N 0° 2°SE 2°NE 2°SW 0°
Cover of upper tree layer A1 [%] 70 80 85 70 85 80 80 80 80 80 85 80 80 90 80 80 70 70 70 70 80 70 80
Cover of lower tree layer A2 [%] 0 0 0 0 3 5 15 2 0 5 1 2 3 15 20 2 0 10 1 20 15 20 5
Cover of tree layer in total a [%] 75 80 85 70 86 81 90 81 80 82 85 81 81 95 90 81 70 75 70 80 90 80 82
Cover of shrub layer B [%] 5 1 10 2 10 10 5 10 5 15 5 15 10 10 10 5 10 5 5 15 5 10 30
Cover of herb layer C [%] 40 70 40 45 40 45 50 60 80 80 70 75 60 40 45 85 75 90 85 90 95 90 70
Cover of moss layer D [%] 2 5 5 15 3 5 10 5 5 1 0.5 10 1 5 5 10 1 0.1 5 1 0.5 5 1
Subassociation of Ca-Q polygonatetosum typicum molinietosum
Ch Ass, D Ass* Calamagrostio arundinaceae- Quercetum (Kasprowicz 2010)
Quercus petraea A1* 4b 5a 4b 4b 4b 4b 4a 4b 5a 3b 5a 4a 5a 4a 3b 5a 4b 4b 3b 4b 4b 3b 2a
Quercus petraea A2* 1 1 2a 1 1 1 1 2a 2b 1 2a 2b 2a 2b
Quercus petraea B* r r 1 + r + 1 + + 1 r 1 1 + + 2a 1 + + +
Quercus petraea C* 1 2b + 2a r 1 1 1 1 + + 1 + 2a 2b 1 + 1 1 r
Calamagrostis arundinacea* r r r + r 1
Hieracium lachenalii r 1 1 1 1 2a 1 + + r r + + + r
Festuca ovina* 2a 2a 1 2a 2b 2a 2a 1 1 + 1 2b + 2a 2a + + 1 + + +
Ch C1, D C1* Quercetea robori-petraeae (Kasprowicz 2010), Ch/D C1.** (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Carex pilulifera 2a 1 2a 1 1 1 1 1 2a 1 r r + 2a + + +
Holcus mollis + r r + + 1
Dicranella heteromalla D rr r rr rr rr + rr rr rr rr rr rr
Melampyrum pratense* r 1 2a 1 2a + + 2a 2a 1 2a 2a 1 1 1 2a r rr 2a + r
Pteridium aquilinum* 1 1 + 2a 1 1 2b 1 1 2a 2a 2b 1
Polytrichastrum formosum D* + 1 + r 1 r r 1 r 1 r 1
Hypnum cupressiforme D** r r + rr rr r r 1 rr rr + + r r rr r rr r r rr
D Ca-Q molinietosum (Kasprowicz 2010)
Quercus robur A1 2a 2b 2b 2b 2a 2b 2b 1 2a 3b
Quercus robur A2 1 1 1 + 1
Quercus robur B + + + r r +
Quercus robur C rr rr r rr + r r
Betula pubescens A1 2a
Betula pubescens C rr
Picea abies A2 +
Picea abies B r + r + 1
Picea abies C rr r
Frangula alnus B + r + + 2a 2a + + 1 r r 1 + + 1 + r 1 1 2a 1 2a 2b
Frangula alnus C + r r r + + rr r + r r r rr r 1 + 1 + +
Molinia caerulea r 3a 2a r 3a
Carex nigra rr
Carex ovalis rr r
Lysimachia vulgaris r
Juncus effusus + r
Trientalis europaea 1 1 r r 2a r 1
Carex pallescens + r r r 1
Potentilla erecta r
Hylocomium splendens D r r r rr
D Ca-Q polygonatetosum odorati (Kasprowicz 2010), Ch/D Cl.*(Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Hieracium murorun* r 2a 1 2a rr + r
Convallaria majalis 1 r 1 1 r 1 2b 2b 1 r r
Polygonatum odoratum r + rr + + r r r + rr
Moehringia trinervia r r rr r r r r
Veronica officinalis r 1 r r + r r r r r r
Mycelis muralis Melica nutans r 1 r + +
Galeopsis tetrahit rr rr rr r rr
Ch Cl/O Vaccinio-PiceetealCladonio-Vaccinietalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Pinus sylvestris A1 1 1 + 1 1 1 2a 2a 1 + + 1 2a 2a
Pinus sylvestris C r rr rr rr rr rr r rr rr rr rr rr
Vaccinium myrtillus 1 1 + 2a r 2a 1 3b 3b 4a 4a 2a 2a 2b 2b 4b 4a 5a 3b 5a 5a 5a 3b
Vaccinium vitis-idaea r r r r r r +
Pieurozium schreberi D r 1 + 2a + 1 1 r r rr 1 r 1 1 r +
Dicranum scoparium D r r r r r r rr r rr + rr r rr rr rr r r
Dicranum polysetum D rr r r r
ChCl/O Querco-Fagetea!Fagetaliasylvaticae(Matuszkiewicz2008)
Corylus avellana B 1
Corylus avellana C r r r
Acer platanoides C rr rr
Anemone nemorosa r r 1 + 2a
Carex digitata rr rr
Millium effusum r
Poa nemoraiis rr r + r 1 2a
Polygonatum multiflorum +
Viola reichenbachiana r r
Atrichum undulatum D r r r r r
Ch All Carpinion betuli (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Carpinus betuhts A1
Carpi nus betulus A2 r
Carpinus betulus B + r 1 +
Carpinus betulus C r rr rr r 1 r
Cerasus avium C r r rr rr r r
Ch All Alno- Ulmion (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Padus avium B r
Festuca gigantea r r
Ch Cl/O Molinio-Arrhanatheretea/Arrhenatheretalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Agrostis gigantea rr
Cerastrium holosteoides r
Holcus lanatus r rr
Poa pratensis r r
Achillea millefolium rr
Taraxacum sect, ruderalia rr r rr
Ch Cl/O Nardo-Callunetea/Calluno-Ulicetalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Danthonia decumbens r
Hieracium pilosella + r + rr r + r rr
Luzula campestris r rr r r
Luzula multiflora rr r r r rr
Lycopodium clavatum r
Calluna vulgaris + + + +
Carex ericetorum r r r r r rr
Hieracium umbellatum r rr r rr
Other
Betula pendula A1 1 1 2a 2a 1 1 2a 2a 2a 1
Betula pendula A2 1
Betula pendula C r
Quercus x rosacea A1 2a 2a 2a 1 2a 1
Quercus x rosacea A2 + 1
Quercus x rosacea B 1
Quercus x rosacea C rr +
Populus tremula A1 + 2a
Populus tremula B + r r +
Populus tremula C r r + r r r r r
Sorbus aucuparia A2 +
Sorbus aucuparia B r 2a 2a r 1 r
Sorbus aucuparia C r r r r r rr + r + r r r rr rr r +
Quercus rubra B r r
Quercus rubra C r r rr
Juniperus communis B 1 1 r r r 1 r r + r 1 1 r r
Juniperus communis C + r r r r r r r + r r r
Abies alba C r
Padus serotina B + 1 r + 1 1 r r r
Padus serotina C r r r + r r r r rr r
Robinia pseudoacacia B r
Robinia pseudoacacia C rr
Sarothamnus scoparius B r
Sarothamnus scoparius C r r + rr
Cotoneaster sp. C rr
Prunus domestica ssp. insititia C rr rr rr r rr rr
Pyrus pyraster C r rr rr rr rr r r
Viburnum opulus C rr
Agrostis capillaris r rr rr rr r
Agrostis vinealis rr
Ajuga reptans rr
Antoxanthum odoratum + + 1 r r r r r r + 1 r r + r
Calamagrostis epigejos r +
Campanula rotundifolia + r
Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis r rr rr
Chamaenerion angustifolium rr
Conyza canadensis rr
Cruciata glabra + + r
Dryopteris carthusiana rr r rr 1
Epipactis helleborine r
Fallopia convolvulus r
Fragaria vesca r r
Genista germanica r
Gypsophila fastigiata rr
Hypericum perforatum r r r r r r r r
Impatiens parviflora rr + rr r
Leontodon autumnalis r
Luzula pilosa + 1 r + r r + 1 r + + + + 1 + 1 r 1 r r r
Maianthemum bifolium 2a + 2a + 2a 2b + r 1 r 1 2a + 1
Orthilia secunda rr r
Oxalis acetosella r
Peucedanum oreoselinum 1 r r r
Poa angustifolia rr rr rr r r rr
Poa compressa rr
Polypodium vulgare +
Rubus ideaeus r
Rubus hirtus agg + r +
Rumex acetosella r + r rr rr
Sedum maximum r + rr
Solidago virgaurea r + r r r rr rr
Urtica dioica rr
Veronica chamaedrys r r r +
Viola riviniana + rr
Aulaconmium androgynum D rr r rr
Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium D r r r r r rr rr + rr r r r r 1
Brachytheciastrum velutinum D rr r
Brachythecium rutabulum D r rr rr
Ceratodon purpureus D rr rr
Leucobryum glaucum D rr rr
Lophocolea heterophylla D rr rr
Plagionmium affine D r rr + + rr 1 r + rr + r + 1 rr rr r r
Plagiothecium curvifolium D r rr r rr rr rr rr rr
Pohlia nutans D r rr r + r rr rr rr rr r
Polytrichum juniperinum D r r rr
Pseudoscleropodium purum D rr 1 r
Cladonia coniocraea D r rr rr rr rr rr rr rr
Cladonia fimbriata D rr rr
Cladonia furcata D rr
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