Transformations and controversies in ethical and moral thinking in Slovak philosophical thought in the 1950s and 1960s

The aim of the present paper is to examine ethical and moral philosophical thinking in Slovakia in the 1950s and 1960s, with particular emphasis on the content of the journal Filozofia published by the Slovak Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA). This study analyses how political and social transformations, especially after February 1948, influenced philosophical discourse, paying particular attention to the development and reformulation of ethical and moral concepts. The main hypothesis of the paper is that, despite the dominant influence of Marxist-Leninist philosophy in the period under study, efforts to criticize and reinterpret this ideology gradually emerged in the 1960s, while alternative approaches began to take shape. The first part of the study focuses on an analysis of the journal Filozofia from its beginnings in 1946 to the end of the 1950s. The second part examines how the authors gradually revised the dogmatic principles of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, criticized Stalinist distortions, and opened the way for new ethical and moral approaches. The controversies that arose in this context reflect an effort to overcome ideological limitations and find new ways of philosophical thinking in a period of fundamental socio-political change.